东坡居士苏轼的一生行迹 / The Life Journey of Su Shi, the Unfettered Genius

【中文】东坡居士苏轼的一生行迹

苏轼（1037年-1101年），字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉州眉山人。北宋文学家、书法家、画家，唐宋八大家之一，豪放派词人的代表。

一、少年成名（1037-1057）：眉山才子

苏轼出生于书香世家，父苏洵、弟苏辙皆为一代文豪，合称"三苏"。嘉祐二年（1057年），年仅二十岁的苏轼中进士，主考官欧阳修读其文章后惊叹："老夫当避路，放他出一头地！"

二、初入仕途（1057-1079）：凤翔到密州

苏轼先后任凤翔判官、开封推官等职。熙宁年间因反对王安石新法，自请外放，历任杭州通判、密州知州、徐州知州、湖州知州。在密州写下"明月几时有，把酒问青天"的名篇《水调歌头》。

三、乌台诗案（1079-1080）：黄州之贬

元丰二年（1079年），苏轼因"乌台诗案"被捕入狱，险些丧命。在弟弟苏辙等人的营救下，被贬为黄州团练副使。这是苏轼人生的转折点，在黄州他自号"东坡居士"，写下前后《赤壁赋》和《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》。

四、再起再落（1084-1094）：惠州之迁

元祐年间旧党执政，苏轼被召回朝廷，官至翰林学士知制诰、礼部尚书。但新旧两党皆不容他，他再次请求外放。先后出知杭州、颍州、扬州。在杭州疏浚西湖，筑"苏堤"，至今为人称道。绍圣元年（1094年），新党重新得势，苏轼被贬至惠州。

五、天涯万里（1097-1101）：儋州终老

绍圣四年（1097年），年过六十的苏轼被贬至海南儋州，这在当时几乎等于流放绝地。然而苏轼乐观豁达，在儋州兴办教育，传播文化。建中靖国元年（1101年），苏轼遇赦北归，病逝于常州，享年六十六岁。

The Life Journey of Su Shi, the Unfettered Genius

Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan, art name Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Sichuan. A master of literature, calligraphy, and painting, he is one of the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song and the foremost representative of the bold (haofang) school of ci poetry.

I. A Prodigy from Meishan (1037-1057)

Su Shi was born into a literary family — his father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe were also literary giants, together known as the "Three Sus." In 1057, at just twenty, Su Shi passed the imperial examination. Chief examiner Ouyang Xiu declared: "I must step aside and let this young man forge ahead!"

II. Early Official Career (1057-1079)

Su Shi served in various posts but frequently clashed with Wang Anshi's New Policies. He requested transfer to provincial positions, governing Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, and Huzhou. In Mizhou, he wrotethe immortal ci poem "Water Melody": "How long has the bright moon existed? With wine in hand, I ask the blue sky."

III. The Crow Terrace Poetry Trial (1079-1080)

In 1079, Su Shi was arrested for his poems' alleged criticism of the government — the infamous "Crow Terrace Poetry Trial." He narrowly escaped execution and was exiled to Huangzhou. This became the turning point of his life. Adopting the name "Dongpo Jushi," he composed the two "Red Cliff" prose poems and the ci masterpiece "Nian Nu Jiao: Remembering Red Cliff."

IV. Rise and Fall Again (1084-1094)

During the Yuanyou era, Su Shi was recalled and rose to Hanlin Academician and Minister of Rites. But alienating both political factions, he requested provincial posts again. In Hangzhou, he dredged West Lake and built the famous "Su Causeway," still beloved today. In 1094, the New Faction returned to power, and Su Shi was exiled to Huizhou.

V. To the Ends of the Earth (1097-1101)

In 1097, the sixty-year-old Su Shi was banished to Danzhou on Hainan Island — then considered a forsaken frontier. Yet his optimism never wavered: he founded schools and spread culture among the locals. Pardoned in 1101, he died of illness in Changzhou on his journey home, at the age of sixty-six.