张耒的一生行迹（1054-1114）
张耒，字文潜，号柯山，亳州谯县人，苏门四学士之一。诗风平易自然，长于乐府，深受白居易影响。苏轼称其"超然绝俗"，为四学士中诗名最著者。著有《柯山集》，其诗内容丰富，关注民生疾苦，在宋诗中别具一格。
亳州（1054） · 谯县少时
宋仁宗至和元年，张耒出生于亳州谯县（今安徽亳州），其家为书香门第。张耒自幼聪敏好学，十七岁即作《函关赋》，文辞华美，为人称道。少年时游学陈州，与苏辙相识，苏辙对其才华极为赏识。
开封（1076） · 苏门求学
宋神宗熙宁九年，张耒通过苏辙引荐拜见苏轼，苏轼读其诗文后大为赞赏，称其"文辞超然绝俗，有建安风骨"，收为门下弟子。张耒与黄庭坚、秦观、晁补之并称"苏门四学士"，四人常与苏轼诗酒唱和。
开封（1084） · 入仕为官
宋神宗元丰七年，张耒进士及第，授临淮主簿，后历任寿安县尉、咸平县丞等职。他在地方任职期间，深入民间，了解百姓疾苦，写下了大量反映社会现实的诗歌。他的诗风平易近人，深受白居易影响，关注民生。
开封（1088） · 入仕为官
宋哲宗元祐三年，张耒被召入京，任太学录，后升著作佐郎、秘书丞等职。元祐年间是他仕途最顺畅的时期，与苏轼及其他苏门弟子在开封诗酒往来，留下了大量唱和之作。此间他创作了最为人称道的乐府诗和古体诗。
开封（1094） · 党争遭贬
宋哲宗绍圣元年，新党执政，张耒因属苏门旧党被贬，出为润州知州。此后数年间，他屡遭贬谪，先后被贬至宣州、颍州等地。虽远离朝廷，但他并未消沉，反而在各地写下了大量诗文，记录民间疾苦与山水风物。
颍州（1102） · 党争遭贬
宋徽宗崇宁元年，张耒被列入元祐党人碑，削夺一切官职，贬居颍州。他在颍州过着清贫的生活，以教书著述自给。此间苏轼去世，张耒闻讯后悲痛不已，不顾禁令为苏轼举哀，因此再次被罚。
陈州（1108） · 晚岁贫病
宋徽宗大观二年，张耒获准移居陈州，此后在此定居数年。陈州是他少年游学之地，故地重游，感慨良多。他在陈州整理旧稿，继续创作诗歌，但生活仍然十分贫困，有时甚至需要友人接济才能维持生计。
陈州（1114） · 晚岁贫病
宋徽宗政和四年，张耒病逝于陈州，享年六十一岁。他是苏门四学士中最后去世的一人，临终前仍念念不忘故师苏轼和亡友黄庭坚、秦观、晁补之。他一生诗风平易真率，关注民生，在宋代诗坛上独树一帜，被誉为"苏门四学士中诗最工者"。
The Life Journey of Zhang Lei, the Last of Su's Four Scholars
Zhang Lei (1054-1114), courtesy name Wenqian, art name Keshan, was a native of Qiao County, Bozhou and one of the 'Four Scholars of the Su School.' His poetry is plain and natural, strongest in ballad forms, deeply marked by Bai Juyi; Su Shi praised him as 'transcending the common dust.' His Keshan Collection, rich in concern for the people's hardships, occupies a distinctive place in Song poetry.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1054 · 亳州 — Born to a bookish family in Bozhou; at seventeen his 'Rhapsody on Han Pass' was already admired, and in Chenzhou he met Su Zhe, who recognized his gift.
- 1076 · 开封 — Presented to Su Shi through Su Zhe, he was hailed as having 'the sinewy bone of the Jian'an masters' and enrolled among the Four Scholars of the Su School.
- 1084 · 开封 — After his jinshi degree, service in county posts took him among the people; his plain, Bai Juyi-style verse drew its substance from their lives.
- 1088 · 开封 — Summoned to the capital in the Yuanyou years, his career crested amid the wine and poetry of the Su circle in Kaifeng.
- 1094 · 开封 — When the reformers returned in 1094, his Su School allegiance cost him post after post — Runzhou, Xuanzhou, Yingzhou — yet his pen never stilled.
- 1102 · 颍州 — Engraved on the Yuanyou partisans' stele and stripped of office at Yingzhou, he nonetheless mourned the dead Su Shi in defiance of the ban — and was punished again.
- 1108 · 陈州 — Allowed to remove to Chenzhou, where he had studied as a boy, he lived poor, revising old drafts and sometimes relying on friends' help.
- 1114 · 陈州 — Died at Chenzhou in 1114, last of the Four Scholars, still speaking of his teacher and his lost comrades — praised as 'the finest poet of the four.'
Zhang Lei's life traced the whole arc of the Su School's fate — patronage, brilliance, proscription, poverty. His creed of plainness — 'words like flowing water, feeling like real life' — carried Bai Juyi's mantle into Song times.
与其仰望诗人的背影，不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人，沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行：每过一站，触发一篇该地系年诗作；入夜之后，更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁，皆非示意图，而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订，每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作，寓学于游。
