杜牧的一生行迹(803-852)
杜牧(803-852),字牧之,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人,宰相杜佑之孙。大和二年(828年)进士,历任黄州、池州、睦州、湖州刺史,官终中书舍人。诗赋古文皆擅,与李商隐并称"小李杜",七言绝句尤为千古绝唱,世称"杜樊川"。
京兆万年(803) · 京兆望族
唐德宗贞元十九年(803年),杜牧出生于长安安仁坊的杜氏宅邸,字牧之。其祖父杜佑官至宰相,著《通典》二百卷,家藏书万卷,杜牧自幼在钟鸣鼎食与书香翰墨中长大。
长安(作赋)(825) · 京兆望族
唐敬宗宝历元年(825年),二十三岁的杜牧在长安写下震烁古今的《阿房宫赋》。时敬宗大起宫室、沉迷游宴,杜牧借秦亡之鉴讥刺时政,此文一出,士林传诵。
洛阳(及第)(828) · 少年及第
唐文宗大和二年(828年),二十六岁的杜牧在东都洛阳应进士试,一举及第,同年又登贤良方正能直言极谏科,授弘文馆校书郎。两科连捷,一时名动京师。
洪州(829) · 少年及第
唐文宗大和三年(829年),杜牧随江西观察使沈传师赴洪州(今江西南昌),任江西团练巡官。在洪州幕府,他结识了善歌的乐伎张好好,一段怅惘的相遇由此开始。
扬州(833) · 扬州幕府
唐文宗大和七年(833年),杜牧应淮南节度使牛僧孺之辟,赴扬州任节度推官、监察御史里行。扬州夜市千灯、歌吹沸天,三十一岁的杜牧在此度过了他最著名的风流岁月。
金陵(835) · 扬州幕府
唐文宗大和九年(835年),杜牧奉调入京任监察御史,离扬州后漫游金陵(今江苏南京)。夜泊秦淮河畔,听两岸歌楼传来《玉树后庭花》的靡靡之音,他抚今追昔,忧思难眠。
宣州(837) · 扬州幕府
唐文宗开成二年(837年),杜牧因弟弟杜顗患眼疾,请假赴宣州(今安徽宣城)探视,随后入宣歙观察使崔郸幕为团练判官。重游旧地,他登临开元寺水阁,感慨六朝兴废。
黄州(842) · 三守外郡
唐武宗会昌二年(842年),四十岁的杜牧因受宰相李德裕排挤,外放黄州(今湖北黄冈)任刺史。在黄州赤壁矶下,他拾得沉沙折戟,遥想周郎破曹旧事,写下千古名篇。
池州(845) · 三守外郡
唐武宗会昌五年(845年),杜牧由黄州调任池州(今安徽贵池)刺史。九月九日,他携客登临池州齐山,把酒临江,强颜欢笑中排遣胸中块垒。
湖州(850) · 三守外郡
唐宣宗大中四年(850年),杜牧经好友周墀相助,得偿所愿出任湖州(今浙江吴兴)刺史。湖州山水清远,他泛舟苕溪,寻访旧游,了却早年的一段夙缘。
长安(长逝)(852) · 归京晚岁
唐宣宗大中六年(852年),杜牧在长安任中书舍人,掌制诰。入冬,他自知不起,闭门整修樊川别墅,焚毁平生大部分文稿,仅保留十之二三,随即溘然长逝,享年五十岁。
The Life Journey of Du Mu, the Night Reveler of the Falling Tang
Du Mu (803-852), styled Muzhi, grandson of the chancellor Du You, was the lighter half of the 'Little Li-Du' pair with Li Shangyin. Twenty-three when his 'Rhapsody on Epang Palace' shook the capital, he served in five prefectures and died drafting edicts in Chang'an — his quatrains the last perfect light of the Tang.
Timeline of the Journey
- 803 · 长安 — Born in the Du mansion at Anren Ward: a chancellor's grandson, ten thousand books, the Tongdian on the family shelves.
- 825 · 长安 — At twenty-three he wrote the 'Rhapsody on Epang Palace' — the Qin's fall as a mirror held up to a pleasure-mad emperor.
- 828 · 洛阳 — Jinshi at twenty-six, then the special decree examination the same year — a double triumph that rang through the capital.
- 829 · 洪州 — To the Jiangxi staff at Hongzhou, where he met the singer Zhang Haohao — the beginning of a famous, unfinished tenderness.
- 833 · 扬州 — To Yangzhou under Niu Sengru: night markets of a thousand lamps, songs boiling to heaven, his most storied decade of revels.
- 835 · 金陵 — Leaving for a censorship in the capital he moored at Jinling on the Qinhuai: 'the singing girls know no grief of a fallen state' — his sharpest poem.
- 837 · 宣州 — Down to Xuanzhou for his sick brother's sake; from the Kaiyuan Temple water-gazing tower he watched six dynasties' ruins go by.
- 842 · 黄州 — Exiled by Li Deyu to Huangzhou: at the Red Cliff he picked a broken halberd from the sand — 'if the east wind had refused Cao Cao...'
- 845 · 池州 — At Chizhou on the Double Ninth he climbed Qi Hill with guests, drinking down the sorrow of a lifetime of being sent away.
- 850 · 湖州 — At last Prefect of Huzhou as he had wished: clear streams, the Tiao, an old promise kept.
- 852 · 长安 — Dying at fifty as drafter of edicts, he burned most of his manuscripts at Fanchuan — keeping two or three parts in ten.
'Frost-touched leaves redder than February flowers.' Du Mu made the quartet carry what others needed a rhapsody for; after him the dynasty's light guttered, but his lines stayed bright.