陆九渊的一生行迹（1139-1193）
陆九渊，字子静，号象山，抚州金溪人，南宋著名哲学家，心学开山。提出"心即理""宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是宇宙"，与朱熹"理学"对峙，史称"朱陆之争"。著有《象山语录》，其学经王守仁发展为陆王心学。
金溪（1139） · 金溪少时
宋高宗绍兴九年，陆九渊出生于抚州金溪（今江西金溪），其家为当地望族，兄弟六人皆有声于时。陆九渊自幼聪敏，三四岁即问父"天地何所穷际"，十三岁读古书至"宇宙"二字，忽悟"宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是宇宙"，此为心学之萌芽。
临安（1172） · 进士及第
宋孝宗乾道八年，陆九渊进士及第，时年三十四岁。他在廷试中写了《天地之性人为贵论》，主张人当发明本心，受到考官赞赏。及第后授靖安县主簿，但不久便丁忧回乡。他在京城期间结识了吕祖谦等理学家。
铅山（1175） · 鹅湖之会
宋孝宗淳熙二年，吕祖谦邀陆九渊与朱熹在信州铅山鹅湖寺举行学术辩论，史称"鹅湖之会"。陆九渊主张"尊德性"，朱熹主张"道问学"，双方激烈辩论三日，虽未达成一致，但成为中国哲学史上最重要的一次学术交锋。
金溪（1180） · 象山讲学
宋孝宗淳熙七年，陆九渊在金溪家中讲学，远近学者慕名而来。他提出"学苟知本，六经皆我注脚"的著名论断，强调为学当以发明本心为要，不必拘泥于经典章句。他的讲学风格简明直截，深受学生欢迎。
贵溪（1187） · 象山讲学
宋孝宗淳熙十四年，陆九渊在贵溪应天山（后改名象山）讲学，自号"象山翁"。他在象山讲学五年，从学者甚众，其学派因此称为"象山学派"。他在象山期间写下了大量哲学著作，系统阐述了心学理论。
临安（1190） · 荆门任上
宋光宗绍熙元年，陆九渊被任命为知荆门军。他先赴临安面圣，在便殿对奏中提出五条治国建议，光宗深为赞赏，说："朕恨识卿之晚！"他在临安期间还与朝中大臣讨论国事，力主改革弊政。
荆门（1191） · 荆门任上
宋光宗绍熙二年，陆九渊到任荆门，开始了他短暂的执政生涯。他在荆门整顿吏治、修筑城防、改革税收、兴办学校，政绩卓著。他特别注重社会教化，每月初一十五亲自到学宫讲学，深得百姓爱戴。
荆门（1193） · 荆门任上
宋光宗绍熙四年，陆九渊病逝于荆门任上，享年五十五岁。他临终前仍关心政事和学务，对身边人说："吾死不足惜，但恨心学未能大行于世。"朝廷追赠宣教郎，赐谥"文安"。他的心学思想后来由明代王守仁发扬光大，形成"陆王心学"。
The Life Journey of Lu Jiuyuan, Founder of the School of Mind
Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1193), the 'Old Man of Elephant Hill,' of Jinxi in Fuzhou, founded the School of Mind: 'The universe is my mind; my mind is the universe.' At the Goose Lake debate of 1175 he met Zhu Xi's 'learning by inquiry' with his own 'honoring the moral nature' — the split that ran through eight centuries of Confucianism, and came back, through Wang Yangming, to move the modern world.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1139 · 金溪 — Born into the great Lu clan of Jinxi, six brothers all distinguished; at three or four he asked his father 'where do heaven and earth end?' — and would not accept no answer.
- 1172 · 临安 — Jinshi at thirty-four, his palace essay 'On Human Nature as the Precious Root of Heaven and Earth' arguing that learning must illumine the original mind.
- 1175 · 铅山 — The Goose Lake meeting, arranged by Lu Zuqian: Lu against Zhu Xi, 'honor the moral nature' against 'follow the path of inquiry and study' — three days, no surrender, philosophy changed hands.
- 1180 · 金溪 — Teaching at home, scholars from everywhere at his gate: 'If learning has found its root, the Six Classics are all my footnotes.'
- 1187 · 贵溪 — To Yingtian Hill in Guixi — renamed Elephant Hill — five years of lectures; the Xiangshan school named for the mountain he taught on.
- 1190 · 临安 — Summoned to Jingmen; five plans of state in the palace audience — the emperor: 'I regret only that I knew you so late.'
- 1191 · 荆门 — Administrator of Jingmen: clerks reformed, walls raised, taxes simplified, schools opened — the philosopher proving an administrator in eighteen months.
- 1193 · 荆门 — Died in office at fifty-five: 'My death is nothing; I only regret that the learning of the mind has not yet spread.' It spread.
'The universe is my mind; my mind is the universe.' Four hundred years before Wang Yangming finished the sentence, Lu Jiuyuan had already said the whole of it — a boy's question about the sky's edge, answered.
