晏殊的一生行迹(991-1055)
晏殊(991-1055),字同叔,抚州临川(今江西抚州)人,北宋词人、宰相。十四岁以神童入试,赐同进士出身,官至同中书门下平章事兼枢密使。其词温润秀洁,开北宋婉约词风,《珠玉词》传世,与子晏几道并称"二晏"。
临川(991) · 临川神童
宋太宗淳化二年(991年),晏殊出生于抚州临川(今江西抚州临川区)一普通家庭。他七岁能文,十四岁以神童荐于朝,张知白安抚江南,闻其名,荐入京师,从此以神童入仕,为北宋最年少进士之一。
开封(1005) · 开封执政
宋真宗景德二年(1005年),十四岁的晏殊参加神童试,与进士同考。真宗召试诗赋,殊援笔立成,赐同进士出身,授秘书省正字。在开封秘省,他博览群书,结交文士,后升左庶子、翰林学士,累官至枢密副使、同中书门下平章事,为北宋最年轻的宰相之一。
应天府(1014) · 应天京兆
宋真宗大中祥符七年(1014年),晏殊因事出知应天府(今河南商丘)。在应天府,他兴办学校,延聘名师,大力推行教育,应天府书院因此振兴,与白鹿洞、岳麓、嵩阳并称北宋四大书院。他还延请范仲淹来应天府掌教,为后来的庆历新政培育了人才基础。
杭州(1030) · 应天京兆
宋仁宗天圣八年(1030年),晏殊出知杭州。杭州为东南都会,山水清丽,他在杭州任上优游湖山,公务之余常在西湖畔宴集宾客、赋诗填词。西湖的荷风桂雨融入了他的词境,杭州时期是他词作最丰的阶段之一。
开封(1042) · 开封再相
宋仁宗庆历二年(1042年),晏殊再度拜相,以同中书门下平章事兼枢密使。在此期间,他力荐范仲淹、韩琦、富弼等经世之才入朝执政,为庆历新政做了关键的人事布局。然而新政触犯权贵,晏殊亦受牵连,以事罢相出知颍州。
颍州(1046) · 颍州谢世
宋仁宗庆历六年(1046年),晏殊罢相后首次出知颍州(今安徽阜阳)。颍州西湖风光秀丽,他在颍州寄情山水,写下了许多闲适词作。颍州的宁静使他暂时忘却了朝堂纷争,也使他的词风更加从容淡雅。
陈州(1050) · 颍州谢世
宋仁宗皇祐二年(1050年),晏殊移知陈州(今河南淮阳)。陈州为古陈国之地,太昊伏羲之陵在焉,文化底蕴深厚。晏殊在陈州虽年事已高,但仍关心地方文教,修缮学宫,延揽人才,为陈州的文化发展作出了贡献。
颍州(1055) · 颍州谢世
宋仁宗至和二年(1055年),晏殊在颍州(今安徽阜阳)病逝,享年六十五岁。罢相后他历任颍州、陈州、许州等地,终老颍州。朝廷赠司空兼侍中,谥"元献",欧阳修为其撰神道碑铭。
The Life Journey of Yan Shu, the Peaceful Chancellor
Yan Shu (991-1055), of Linchuan, was the 'Peaceful Chancellor' of the Northern Song: examined at fourteen as a child prodigy, chancellor by fifty, founder of the Yingtian Academy (one of the four great schools of the Song), and patron of Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and Ouyang Xiu — the personnel director of the Qingli reform without ever raising his voice. His 'Pearl Lyrics' are the age's serenity itself: 'Helplessly, the flowers fall; swallows return, familiar as before.'
Timeline of the Journey
- 991 · Linchuan — Born to an ordinary family in Fuzhou; writing at seven, recommended to court at fourteen — the youngest jinshi of the dynasty's first century.
- 1005 · Kaifeng — The child-prodigy examination before Zhenzong: poems finished at a stroke, the degree conferred, an appointment in the Palace Library — and twenty years of quiet ascent to vice-director of the Military Affairs Commission.
- 1014 · Yingtian — Governor of Yingtian: schools built, masters hired, the Yingtian Academy lifted into the ranks of the four great academies — Fan Zhongyan invited there to teach, the seedbed of a generation.
- 1030 · Hangzhou — Governor of Hangzhou: the West Lake, guests, banquets, lyrics — the lake's lotus wind and cassia rain dissolving into his verse; the most lyric-rich years of his life.
- 1042 · Kaifeng — Chancellor again, over both secretariats: Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and Fu Bi brought into office — the personnel foundation of the Qingli reform laid; and undone with it when the backlash came.
- 1046 · Yingzhou — Out of office, governor of Yingzhou: the West Lake of Ying, landscape, unhurried verses — the manner ripening into its final calm.
- 1050 · Chenzhou — Governor of Chenzhou, old but still building schools and gathering talent in the ancient land of Chen.
- 1055 · Yingzhou — Dead at Yingzhou at sixty-four: Duke, canonized 'Yuanxian,' Ouyang Xiu — his student — writing the epitaph.
'Helplessly, the flowers fall; swallows return, familiar as before.' The Song at peace, run by a man who wrote its calmest sentence — Yan Shu governed gently, chose the century's best men, and left the couplet everyone quotes.