杨万里的一生行迹(1127-1206)
杨万里(1127-1206),字廷秀,号诚斋,吉州吉水(今江西吉水)人,南宋诗人。绍兴二十四年进士,官至宝谟阁直学士。其诗自创"诚斋体",以浅语写深意、以活法破定法,风格活泼诙谐,与陆游、范成大、尤袤并称南宋四大家。
吉水(1127) · 吉水少年
宋高宗建炎元年(1127年),杨万里出生于吉州吉水(今江西吉水)一个教书先生之家。父亲杨芾以教书为业,家贫而好学。万里自幼受父教诲,习诗赋、读经史,在吉水乡间度过少年时代。建炎年间金兵南侵,江西亦遭兵燹,少年杨万里目睹国难,立下恢复之志。
临安(1154) · 临安入仕
宋高宗绍兴二十四年(1154年),杨万里登进士第,授赣州司户参军。后入临安任国子监博士、太子侍读等清要之职。在临安,他与陆游、范成大、尤袤等人交游唱和,南宋四大家齐聚京师,诗坛一时极盛。
赣州(1156) · 临安入仕
宋高宗绍兴二十六年(1156年),杨万里赴赣州任司户参军,掌管户籍赋税。赣州地接岭南,民风淳朴而事繁。他在赣州勤于政务,深入民间了解百姓疾苦,同时以赣州山水入诗,写下不少清新的山水之作。
常州(1177) · 常州外任
宋孝宗淳熙四年(1177年),杨万里出知常州(今江苏常州)。在常州任上,他关心农事,减赋恤民,政声颇佳。公务之余,他游历太湖、茅山,写下大量田园山水诗,诚斋体在常州时期渐趋成熟,"活法"诗学理论也在此时系统化。
潮州(1181) · 广东提刑
宋孝宗淳熙八年(1181年)二月,杨万里改任广东提点刑狱。在广东任上,他深入岭南各地巡察刑狱,途经潮州、惠州等地,目睹瘴疠之地的民生疾苦,以诗记之。是年冬,闽人沈师犯梅州,他率兵讨平,孝宗称其有"仁者之勇",赐直秘阁。韩愈曾贬潮州,万里至此,览韩公遗迹,感慨系之。
建康(1190) · 常州外任
宋光宗绍熙元年(1190年),杨万里外任江东转运副使,驻建康(今江苏南京),权总领淮西、江东军马钱粮。建康为六朝古都,长江天堑,他在建康登临石头城、览钟山形胜,感慨六朝兴亡。他在江东任上推行惠政,修筑圩田,深受百姓称颂。
临安(1189) · 临安入仕
宋孝宗淳熙十六年(1189年)九月,杨万里入京,十月除秘书监。是年冬,他奉命接伴金国贺正旦使,北行至淮河,目睹中原沦丧,写下《初入淮河四绝句》。绍熙二年(1192年),朝廷于江南诸郡推行铁钱会子,他上书谏阻、拒不奉诏,得罪宰臣,遂谢病自免,归隐吉水,从此绝意仕进。
吉水(1206) · 吉水归老
宋宁宗开禧二年(1206年),杨万里在家乡吉水病逝,享年八十岁。归老吉水十余年间,他杜门谢客,手不释卷,日日赋诗,焚改不休。临终前闻韩侂胄贸然用兵,恸哭失声,亟呼纸笔书"韩侂胄奸臣,专权无上,动兵残民,谋危社稷。吾头颅如许,报国无路,惟有孤愤",笔落而逝。
The Life Journey of Yang Wanli, the Master of Living Method
Yang Wanli (1127-1206), of Jishui, born in the year the Song lost the north, was the sunniest of the 'Four Masters of the Southern Song' — inventor of the 'Chengzhai manner': quick eyes, living language, the small scene caught mid-motion. 'The little lotus bud shows its sharp corner; the dragonfly has already taken its stand.' He burned ten thousand of his own early 'Jiangxi-school' poems to learn to see — and died denouncing the minister who launched the last war.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1127 · Jishui — Born to a village schoolmaster in the year of the northern catastrophe: books in a poor house, the Jurchen invasions in childhood memory — the two poles of his whole life.
- 1154 · Lin'an — Jinshi at twenty-seven: household officer at Ganzhou, then the capital's clean and easy posts — and the circle of Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao: the Four Masters together in one city.
- 1156 · Ganzhou — Registers and taxes at Ganzhou on the Lingnan edge: the peasants' troubles learned from the inside, the first light landscapes begun.
- 1177 · Changzhou — Governor of Changzhou: taxes eased, the people pleased — and the Taihu lake, Maoshan, the farm poems: the Chengzhai manner maturing here, the 'living method' at work on everything green.
- 1181 · Chaozhou — Judicial commissioner of Guangdong: the circuits of Lingnan through miasma country, the jails inspected, the poverty recorded — and at Chaozhou the traces of Han Yu himself, a thousand years earlier, to measure himself against.
- 1190 · Jiankang — Vice-commissioner of transport for Jiangdong at Jiankang: the Stone City climbed, the six dynasties weighed — and polder-dikes built for the farmers of the river country.
- 1189 · Lin'an — Director of the palace library; that winter, escorting the Jin New-Year envoy to the Huai — the four poems of first crossing it. In 1192, refusing the iron-cash decree, he resigned for good: fourteen years of writing left.
- 1206 · Jishui — Han Tuozhou's war came at last: the old man wept, wrote his last denunciation of the traitor — the empire endangered, no road left to serve it — and died at eighty: the dynasty's cheerfulest poet, its sternest Cassandra.
'The ten-thousand mountains will not let one stream run — but the stream, having won its way through, at last sounds triumphant in the plain.' Yang Wanli's own image: small, bright, unstoppable.
与其仰望诗人的背影,不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人,沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行:每过一站,触发一篇该地系年诗作;入夜之后,更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁,皆非示意图,而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订,每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作,寓学于游。