唐诗.中国

收录57位唐宋著名诗人的生平事迹、代表作品和地理足迹,探索诗词之美与文化传承。

龙川先生陈亮的一生行迹 / The Life Journey of Chen Liang, Founder of the Yongkang School

发布日期:2026-08-22 07:52:52  作者 :诗集品位sjpw.com    浏览量 :0
诗集品位sjpw.com 发布日期:2026-08-22 07:52:52  
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陈亮的一生行迹(1143-1194)

陈亮(1143-1194),字同甫,号龙川,婺州永康(今浙江永康)人,南宋思想家、文学家,永康学派创始人。力主抗金恢复,与朱熹辩论王霸义利,主张"义利双行"。与辛弃疾交谊深厚,鹅湖之会成为文坛佳话。绍熙四年状元及第,未及赴任而卒。

永康(1143) · 永康少年

宋高宗绍兴十三年(1143年),陈亮出生于婺州永康(今浙江永康)龙窟山南。其家世代务农,祖父陈益曾为小吏。陈亮少时即聪颖异常,好读兵书,十九岁即著《酌古论》,议论古今用兵之道,为郡守周葵所赏识。

《酌古论·序(节选)》
文武之道一也,后世始分为二
通商周之政,可以行军旅之事

临安(上书)(1178) · 上书论兵

宋孝宗淳熙五年(1178年),陈亮赴临安上书朝廷,连上五道奏疏,力主抗金恢复中原。他在奏疏中痛陈偏安之害,提出"江南不必保,和议不必守"的激进主张,震动朝野。孝宗欲授以官,陈亮辞不受。

《上孝宗皇帝第一书(节选)》
中国,天地之正气也,天命之所存也
不可以偷安目前,而忘恢复之大事

永康(讲学)(1182) · 永康学派

宋孝宗淳熙九年(1182年),陈亮回到永康龙窟山,聚徒讲学,创立永康学派。他主张"义利双行,王霸并用",反对朱熹等理学家空谈心性,强调经世致用。其学说在浙东一带影响深远,与永嘉学派并称"浙东事功学派"。

《甲辰答朱元晦书(节选)》
自孟荀论义利王霸,天下始有是非之辨
义利双行,王霸并用,则天下之事理矣

临安(入狱)(1185) · 上书论兵

宋孝宗淳熙十二年(1185年),陈亮因家僮杀人案被牵连入狱,这是他三次系狱中最严重的一次。他被人诬告下狱,受尽酷刑,几度濒死。幸得辛弃疾、罗点等人营救,方得脱险。出狱后他写下"平生不下泪,于此泣无穷"之句。

《念奴娇·登多景楼》
危楼还望,叹此意、今古几人曾会
鬼设神施,浑认作、天限南疆北界

信州鹅湖(1188) · 鹅湖之交

宋孝宗淳熙十五年(1188年),陈亮自永康出发,专程往信州鹅湖拜访辛弃疾。两人纵论天下大势十日,商议恢复中原之大计。陈亮冒雪离去后,辛弃疾追之不及,写下名篇《贺新郎·别茂嘉十二弟》,追忆此番壮别。

《贺新郎·寄辛幼安和见怀韵》
老去凭谁说,看几番、神奇臭腐,夏裘冬葛
二十五弦多少恨,算世间、那有平分月

建康(1189) · 鹅湖之交

宋孝宗淳熙十六年(1189年),陈亮游历至建康(今南京),登上城头北望中原,感慨万千。他考察建康山川形胜,认为此处乃是北伐的前进基地,写下著名的《念奴娇·登多景楼》,以镇江之景抒建康之思。

《水调歌头·送章德茂大卿使虏》
不见南师久,谩说北群空
当场只手,毕竟还我万夫雄

临安(状元)(1193) · 状元迟暮

宋光宗绍熙四年(1193年),五十一岁的陈亮终于状元及第,被授签书建康军判官厅公事。他在殿试策论中写道:"臣窃以为和不可成,守不可恃",再次力主北伐。然而未及赴任,于次年病卒于家中。

《及第谢恩诗》
复仇自是平生志,勿谓儒臣鬓已霜
天道好还中国事,老臣何日不望乡

永康(归葬)(1194) · 状元迟暮

宋光宗绍熙五年(1194年),陈亮病逝于永康家中,享年五十二岁。他一生以恢复中原为己任,三次入狱不改其志,创立永康学派影响深远。其著作《龙川文集》传世,词作与辛弃疾齐名,为南宋豪放词重要代表。

《梅花》
疏枝横玉瘦,小萼点珠光
一朵忽先变,百花皆后香

The Life Journey of Chen Liang, Founder of the Yongkang School

Chen Liang (1143-1194), courtesy name Tongfu, art name Longchuan, was a native of Yongkang, Zhejiang — thinker, essayist and founder of the Yongkang School of practical statecraft. A lifelong champion of the war to recover the North, he debated Zhu Xi on kingship and profit, formed with Xin Qiji the legendary Ehu friendship, took the zhuangyuan at fifty-one, and died before he could take office.

Timeline of the Journey

  • 1143 · 永康 — Born to a farming family in Yongkang; a prodigy who at nineteen wrote the 'Discourse on Evaluating the Ancients' on the art of war.
  • 1178 · 临安 — Submitted five memorials in Lin'an urging recovery of the Central Plains — 'the South need not be defended, the peace need not be kept' — shocking the court.
  • 1182 · 永康 — Founded the Yongkang School at Longku Mountain, teaching 'righteousness and profit advance together' against the quietism of the Neo-Confucians.
  • 1185 · 临安 — Falsely implicated and thrown into prison — the worst of his three incarcerations; rescued by Xin Qiji and others after brutal torture.
  • 1188 · 鹅湖 — Trekking through snow to Ehu, he spent ten days with Xin Qiji planning the northern expedition; Xin's famous 'He Xin Lang' recalls the parting.
  • 1189 · 建康 — Surveying Jiankang's ramparts from Duojing Tower, he argued the recovery of the North must be launched from here.
  • 1193 · 临安 — Took first place in the palace examination at fifty-one, his policy essay still demanding war — 'revenge is the ambition of my whole life.'
  • 1194 · 永康 — Died at home at fifty-two before assuming office; his Longchuan Collected Works and his heroic ci beside Xin Qiji define the Southern Song bold school.

'Heaven's way returns — this land is China's.' Chen Liang's whole life was a single argument: that thought must serve the recovery of the realm. Three prisons could not bend him; the zhuangyuan came too late to be used — but the Yongkang School's creed of practical statecraft outlived the dynasty that ignored it.

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