陈师道的一生行迹（1053-1102）
陈师道，字履常，一字无己，号后山居士，徐州彭城人，江西诗派重要代表。诗学黄庭坚，苦吟求工，风格奇拙瘦硬，与黄庭坚并称"黄陈"。一生清贫，以诗为命，苏轼称其"诗笔老成，超然有建安风骨"。
徐州（1053） · 徐州少时
宋仁宗皇祐五年，陈师道出生于徐州彭城，家世清寒，幼年丧父，由母亲抚养成人。他自幼好学不倦，但家境贫困，常常无钱买书，便到书肆中站立阅读，过目不忘。少年时即以文章知名乡里，被誉为"彭城才子"。
开封（1078） · 师从山谷
宋神宗元丰元年，陈师道以布衣之身拜见黄庭坚，黄庭坚对其诗才大为赞赏，收为弟子。从此陈师道诗学黄庭坚，苦吟推敲，追求"点铁成金"之法。他与黄庭坚亦师亦友，诗歌风格深受其影响，世称"黄陈"。
徐州（1085） · 布衣苦吟
宋神宗元丰八年，陈师道仍在徐州过着布衣生活，家贫如洗，却安贫乐道。他拒绝权贵的拉拢，不愿以阿谀求官，只以诗文自娱。苏轼知徐州时，闻其名欲荐举，陈师道因不愿与苏轼政见不合而婉谢。
开封（1087） · 元祐入仕
宋哲宗元祐二年，经苏轼等人推荐，陈师道被任命为徐州教授，后改授太学博士。这是他一生中为数不多的官职。他在太学中教授生徒，深受学生爱戴。然而他生性耿直，不善官场应酬，在朝中并不如意。
开封（1094） · 元祐入仕
宋哲宗绍圣元年，新党执政，陈师道因被视为苏轼一党而遭贬，改授海陵酒税。此后他再度回到布衣状态，生活更加困窘。然而他并不后悔，仍坚持自己的文学追求和人格操守，在诗歌创作上更加刻苦精进。
开封（1098） · 晚岁清贫
宋哲宗元符元年，陈师道被召回京师，任秘书省正字。他在秘书省工作勤勉，校勘典籍一丝不苟。然而此时他已年过不惑，身体渐衰，加之多年贫困积劳成疾，时常生病。但他仍坚持每日到省办公，风雨无阻。
开封（1101） · 晚岁清贫
宋徽宗建中靖国元年，苏轼自海南北归途中病逝，陈师道闻讯悲痛欲绝。苏轼是他的恩师和知己，苏轼之死对他打击极大。他写下了多首悼念苏轼的诗作，情真意切，令人动容。
开封（1102） · 晚岁清贫
宋徽宗崇宁元年，陈师道病逝于开封，享年五十岁。他一生清贫，死时几无以为殓。黄庭坚闻讯后悲痛万分，作诗哭之。陈师道虽穷困一生，但其诗歌造诣极高，与黄庭坚并称江西诗派二宗，对后世诗坛影响深远。
The Life Journey of Chen Shidao, the Houshan Recluse
Chen Shidao (1053-1102), courtesy names Lüchang and Wuji, art name Houshan Jushi, of Pengcheng (Xuzhou), was a pillar of the Jiangxi School of poetry. A lifelong pauper who studied under Huang Tingjian and forged verses of austere, angular craft, he was hailed by Su Shi as having 'the seasoned brush and heroic bones of the Jian'an masters'; with Huang he is paired as 'Huang-Chen.'
Timeline of the Journey
- 1053 · 徐州 — Born poor in Pengcheng, fatherless in childhood; he read standing in bookshops, never forgetting a page, famed as the 'talent of Pengcheng.'
- 1078 · 开封 — As a commoner he presented himself to Huang Tingjian, who recognized the gift and took him as disciple — the Huang-Chen pairing began.
- 1085 · 徐州 — In voluntary poverty he declined the patronage of the powerful, writing the spare, self-sufficient verse of a poor scholar.
- 1087 · 开封 — Recommended by Su Shi, he was made prefectural professor, then Erudite of the Imperial Academy — almost the only posts he ever held.
- 1094 · 开封 — Purged as a Su Shi man when the reformists returned, demoted to tax clerk in Hailing; back in plain robes, his craft grew only harder and truer.
- 1098 · 开封 — Recalled as Collator in the Palace Library, aging and ill, he still never missed a day of duty.
- 1101 · 开封 — When Su Shi died on the road home from Hainan, he wept and wrote his elegies — master and friend gone at once.
- 1102 · 开封 — Died in Kaifeng at fifty, too poor for a burial; Huang Tingjian wept and lamented him. With Huang he stands as one of the two masters of the Jiangxi School.
'This life's whole strength went into poetry.' Chen Shidao starved rather than bend, and hammered out of poverty some of the most austere, most finished lines in Song verse.
