曾几的一生行迹(1084-1166)
曾几,字吉甫,号茶山居士,其先赣州(今江西赣县)人,后徙居河南,南宋诗人。与吕本中相师友,为江西诗派后劲,又是陆游的老师。诗风轻快活泼,清新自然,对陆游影响甚大。著有《茶山集》,其"活法"诗论对南宋诗坛影响深远。
赣州(1084) · 赣州少时
宋神宗元丰七年,曾几出生于赣州赣县,其家为儒学世家。曾几自幼聪敏好学,少年时即以文章知名。他在赣州的山水间成长,对自然有着深厚的感情,这对他后来清新自然的诗风产生了重要影响。
开封(1106) · 太学扬名
宋徽宗崇宁、大观之际,曾几入汴京太学,屡中高等,声名籍甚。其时党禁方严,他却在文场推尊元祐之文,一座称善,后任辟雍博士、校书郎。此间他与吕本中定交,相与论诗;吕氏"活法"之说,对他影响至深。
临安(1127) · 靖康南渡
宋高宗建炎元年,北宋灭亡,曾几随朝廷南渡。他在南渡途中写下了许多反映战乱现实的诗作。到临安后,他历任广西转运判官、江西与浙西提刑,绍兴八年(1138年)因兄曾开力斥和议触怒秦桧,兄弟同罢。
临安(1142) · 教授陆游
宋高宗绍兴十二年(1142年),十七岁的陆游拜曾几为师,从学十余年。曾几对陆游极为器重,将自己的诗学理论和爱国思想毫无保留地传授给他,陆游晚年犹记"我得茶山一转语,文章切忌参死句"。陆游后来成为南宋最伟大的诗人,其诗风深受曾几影响。
衢州(1150) · 茶山著述
宋高宗绍兴二十年前后,曾几游历衢州三衢山,沿途饱览江南初夏风光,写下了传世名作《三衢道中》。诗中"梅子黄时日日晴,小溪泛尽却山行"轻快自然,被誉为"活法"诗的典范之作。
上饶(1155) · 茶山著述
忤秦桧奉祠后,曾几侨居上饶茶山(广教寺),读书赋诗凡七年,自号"茶山居士"。茶山岁月吟咏不辍,《茶山集》中诸多篇章即作于此,诗风愈发清新自然,"活法"臻于成熟境界。绍兴二十五年秦桧死,他起复为浙东提刑。
临安(1162) · 奋起上疏
绍兴三十一年(1161年)金主完颜亮南侵,朝中有人主张遣使求和。年近八旬的曾几卧病闻之,奋起上疏,力言"遣使请和,增币献城,终无小益,而有大害"。孝宗受禅(1162年)后,他又上疏数千言,爱国之心老而弥笃。
平江(1166) · 文清长逝
宋孝宗乾道二年(1166年)五月,曾几病逝于平江府(今苏州)其子曾逮官舍,享年八十三岁,谥文清。他一生诗风清新自然,将江西诗派的"活法"理论推向了新的高度。陆游为其撰写墓志铭,称其"孝悌忠信,刚毅质直";曾几的诗学经由陆游发扬光大,对南宋诗坛产生了深远影响。
The Life Journey of Zeng Ji, Teacher of Lu You
Zeng Ji (1084-1166), courtesy name Jifu, art name Chashan Jushi — a Ganzhou line settled in Henan — was the late master of the Jiangxi School and the teacher of Lu You. His light, fresh poetry and his theory of the "living method" reshaped the Southern Song — the Chashan Collection survives.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1084 · 赣州 — Born to a scholarly family in Ganzhou; the hills and waters of Jiangxi seeded his lifelong love of nature.
- 1106 · 开封 — Top of the Imperial Academy even as Yuanyou learning stood banned; a friendship of poetry with Lü Benzhong began.
- 1127 · 临安 — Crossing south with the court at the fall of the North, he wrote the poems of exile and grief, and was demoted for opposing the peace.
- 1142 · 临安 — Taking the seventeen-year-old Lu You as pupil, he gave him his whole art and his patriotism — 'beware the dead phrase in writing,' the teaching Lu You carried for life.
- 1150 · 衢州 — On the Sanqu road in plum-yellowing June he wrote the immortal 'On the Way through Sanqu' — the model of the living method.
- 1155 · 上饶 — Seven years on Tea Mountain at Shangrao gave him his art name and half his collected poems.
- 1162 · 临安 — Near eighty, roused from a sickbed to memorial against buying peace — and again under the new reign.
- 1166 · 平江 — Died at Pingjiang at eighty-three, given the posthumous name Wenqing; Lu You wrote his epitaph.
'Plum-yellowing days, day after day clear; the little stream ends, and I walk the hills.' Zeng Ji taught the Southern Song that rules could live; through Lu You his living method ran on into the greatest poetry of the age.
与其仰望诗人的背影,不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人,沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行:每过一站,触发一篇该地系年诗作;入夜之后,更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁,皆非示意图,而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订,每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作,寓学于游。