曾巩的一生行迹(1019-1083)
曾巩,字子固,建昌南丰人,北宋杰出散文家,唐宋八大家之一。师从欧阳修,文章古雅纯正、纡徐委备,为宋代古文运动的中坚。历知齐州、襄州等地,政绩卓著,著有《元丰类稿》传世。
南丰(1019) · 南丰求学
宋真宗天禧三年,曾巩出生于建昌军南丰县(今江西南丰),其家为儒学世家,祖父曾致尧官至尚书户部郎中。曾巩自幼聪颖好学,十二岁即能文,读书一目数行,乡人称为神童。
开封(1042) · 入京落第
宋仁宗庆历二年,曾巩再次应试不第。他早岁入太学,上书欧阳修并献《时务策》,欧阳修对曾巩文章极为赞赏,称"过吾门者百千人,独于得生为喜",收其为弟子。此后十余年间屡试不第,但他并不气馁,反而更加刻苦砥砺文章。
开封(1057) · 入京及第
宋仁宗嘉祐二年,曾巩终于进士及第,年已三十九岁。此科主考即欧阳修,曾巩与苏轼、苏辙同榜。曾巩及第后授太平州司法参军,从此正式踏入仕途。他二十余年寒窗终于得到回报,消息传来,南丰家中喜极而泣。
开封(1060) · 馆阁修书
宋仁宗嘉祐五年(1060年),曾巩被召入京,任馆阁校勘,参与编校史馆书籍。曾巩在馆阁九年,潜心整理古代典籍,校勘《战国策》《新序》《说苑》等书,对保存古代文献贡献极大。其治学之严谨,为同僚所公认。
齐州(1071) · 外任牧民
宋神宗熙宁四年(1071年),曾巩出知齐州(今济南)。在齐州任上,他兴修水利、整顿治安、打击豪强,政绩斐然。他疏浚大明湖,修筑北水门,使济南水患大为减少,百姓称颂不已。至今济南仍有曾堤等遗迹。
襄州(1073) · 外任牧民
宋神宗熙宁六年(1073年),曾巩移知襄州(今襄阳)。襄州地处南北要冲,商旅云集,但盗匪猖獗。曾巩到任后,整饬治安,缉捕盗贼,又减免赋税,抚恤百姓,使襄州面貌为之一新。他在襄州所作诗文亦颇可观。
洪州(1076) · 外任牧民
宋神宗熙宁九年(1076年),曾巩移知洪州(今南昌)。洪州地处江南要地,人口众多,政务繁巨。曾巩在洪州减轻赋税、兴修学校、赈济灾民,颇有政声。此年江西瘟疫大流行,曾巩命州县储药以备需求,腾出官舍安置病患,供给饮食衣被,分派医生救治,控制了疫情蔓延。
江宁(1083) · 晚年岁月
宋神宗元丰六年(1083年)四月,曾巩病逝于江宁府(今南京),享年六十五岁。此前他于元丰五年(1082年)拜中书舍人,九月遭母丧去官。曾巩一生为官清廉,文章传世,欧阳修称"过吾门者百千人,独于得生为喜",王安石亦赞"曾子文章众无有,水之江汉星之斗"。
The Life Journey of Zeng Gong, Master of Song Prose
Zeng Gong (1019-1083), courtesy name Zigu, of Nanfeng, was one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang-Song prose. A disciple of Ouyang Xiu whose antique, unhurried style made him a mainstay of the Song classical revival, he governed Qizhou, Xiangzhou and Hongzhou with distinction and left the Yuanfeng Classified Drafts.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1019 · 南丰 — Born to a Confucian official family in Nanfeng; composing at twelve, reading several lines at a glance, hailed as a prodigy.
- 1042 · 开封 — Failing again at the examinations, he had already won Ouyang Xiu with his letters from the Academy — 'of the hundred who passed my gate, in him alone I rejoice' — and become his disciple.
- 1057 · 开封 — Passed the jinshi at thirty-nine in the famous class of 1057 — with Su Shi and Su Zhe — under examiner Ouyang Xiu himself.
- 1060 · 开封 — Nine years collating texts in the Imperial Library — the Zhanguo Ce, the Xinxu, the Shuoyuan — a quiet monumental service to the ancient books.
- 1071 · 齐州 — As Prefect of Jinan he dredged Daming Lake and built the north water gate; the Zeng Dike still bears his name.
- 1073 · 襄州 — At Xiangzhou on the north-south road he suppressed banditry, lightened taxes and comforted the people.
- 1076 · 洪州 — At Hongzhou through a great plague he stored medicines and opened government houses for the sick — lives beyond counting were saved.
- 1083 · 江宁 — A Drafter of the Secretariat until his mother's death, he died in Jiangning at sixty-five — poor, honoured, his prose secure.
'Peach and plum have bloomed their fill — only the even green of the grass remains.' Wang Anshi likened his prose to the great rivers and the Dipper among stars; of the eight masters, Zeng Gong was the quietest, and his pages have outlasted dynasties.
与其仰望诗人的背影,不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人,沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行:每过一站,触发一篇该地系年诗作;入夜之后,更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁,皆非示意图,而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订,每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作,寓学于游。
以下为中央电视台(CCTV)制作的曾巩相关纪录片与专题节目,可帮助您更深入地了解诗人的真实生平与历史现场。