曾巩的一生行迹(1019-1083)
曾巩,字子固,建昌南丰人,北宋杰出散文家,唐宋八大家之一。师从欧阳修,文章古雅纯正、纡徐委备,为宋代古文运动的中坚。历知齐州、襄州等地,政绩卓著,著有《元丰类稿》传世。
南丰(1019) · 南丰求学
宋真宗天禧三年,曾巩出生于建昌军南丰县(今江西南丰),其家为儒学世家,祖父曾致尧官至尚书户部郎中。曾巩自幼聪颖好学,十二岁即能文,读书一目数行,乡人称为神童。
开封(1042) · 入京及第
宋仁宗庆历二年,曾巩首次入京应试,结识欧阳修,拜其为师。欧阳修对曾巩文章极为赞赏,称其"文辞宏伟,有大过人者"。然此次曾巩未中进士,此后十余年间屡试不第,但他并不气馁,反而更加刻苦砥砺文章。
开封(1057) · 入京及第
宋仁宗嘉祐二年,曾巩终于进士及第,年已三十九岁。此科主考即欧阳修,曾巩与苏轼、苏辙同榜。曾巩及第后授太平州司法参军,从此正式踏入仕途。他二十余年寒窗终于得到回报,消息传来,南丰家中喜极而泣。
开封(1059) · 馆阁修书
宋仁宗嘉祐四年,曾巩被召入京,任馆阁校勘,参与编校史馆书籍。曾巩在馆阁九年,潜心整理古代典籍,校勘《战国策》《新序》《说苑》等书,对保存古代文献贡献极大。其治学之严谨,为同僚所公认。
齐州(1072) · 外任牧民
宋神宗熙宁五年,曾巩出知齐州(今济南)。在齐州任上,他兴修水利、整顿治安、打击豪强,政绩斐然。他疏浚大明湖,修筑北水门,使济南水患大为减少,百姓称颂不已。至今济南仍有曾堤等遗迹。
襄州(1077) · 外任牧民
宋神宗熙宁十年,曾巩移知襄州(今襄阳)。襄州地处南北要冲,商旅云集,但盗匪猖獗。曾巩到任后,整饬治安,缉捕盗贼,又减免赋税,抚恤百姓,使襄州面貌为之一新。他在襄州所作诗文亦颇可观。
洪州(1080) · 外任牧民
宋神宗元丰三年,曾巩移知洪州(今南昌)。洪州地处江南要地,人口众多,政务繁巨。曾巩在洪州减轻赋税、兴修学校、赈济灾民,颇有政声。此年江南大旱,曾巩开仓赈灾,救活百姓无数。
开封(1083) · 晚年归京
宋神宗元丰六年,曾巩病逝于开封,享年六十五岁。此前他刚被召还京师,任中书舍人,尚未到任即已病重。曾巩一生为官清廉,文章传世,欧阳修称其"文辞宏伟,有大过人者",王安石亦赞"曾子固文章,不在欧公之下"。
The Life Journey of Zeng Gong, Master of Song Prose
Zeng Gong (1019-1083), courtesy name Zigu, of Nanfeng, was one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang-Song prose. A disciple of Ouyang Xiu whose antique, unhurried style made him a mainstay of the Song classical revival, he governed Qizhou, Xiangzhou and Hongzhou with distinction and left the Yuanfeng Classified Drafts.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1019 · 南丰 — Born to a Confucian official family in Nanfeng; composing at twelve, reading several lines at a glance, hailed as a prodigy.
- 1042 · 开封 — Failing the examinations, he met Ouyang Xiu, who praised his writing as 'grand in diction, surpassing ordinary men' — and took him as disciple.
- 1057 · 开封 — Passed the jinshi at thirty-nine in the famous class of 1057 — with Su Shi and Su Zhe — under examiner Ouyang Xiu himself.
- 1059 · 开封 — Nine years collating texts in the Imperial Library — the Zhanguo Ce, the Xinxu, the Shuoyuan — a quiet monumental service to the ancient books.
- 1072 · 齐州 — As Prefect of Jinan he dredged Daming Lake and built the north water gate; the Zeng Dike still bears his name.
- 1077 · 襄州 — At Xiangzhou on the north-south road he suppressed banditry, lightened taxes and comforted the people.
- 1080 · 洪州 — At Hongzhou through a great drought he opened the granaries — lives beyond counting were saved.
- 1083 · 开封 — Summoned back as Drafter of the Secretariat, he died in Kaifeng at sixty-five before taking office — poor, honoured, his prose secure.
'Twenty years of diligent resolve — and one morning my name moves the capital.' Wang Anshi said his prose yielded nothing even to Ouyang Xiu; of the eight masters, Zeng Gong was the quietest, and his pages have outlasted dynasties.