岑参的一生行迹(715-770)
岑参(约715-770),南阳(今属河南)人,出身三代宰相之门,天宝三载进士。两度出塞,先后入高仙芝、封常清幕府,亲历安西、北庭边塞六年,是盛唐边塞诗派成就最高的诗人之一,与高适并称"高岑"。晚年官至嘉州刺史,世称"岑嘉州",约大历五年卒于成都。
嵩阳(715) · 嵩阳苦学
唐玄宗开元三年(715年),岑参出生。他出身显赫,曾祖岑文本、伯祖岑长倩、堂伯父岑羲皆官至宰相,然父岑植早卒,家道中落。岑参幼孤从学,十五岁隐于嵩阳少室山下,结草堂苦读,遍览经史。
长安(744) · 长安及第
唐玄宗天宝三载(744年),岑参在长安以进士高第登科,释褐授右内率府兵曹参军。时年三十的他,此前曾"二十献书阙下"、十年奔走京洛干谒,历尽求仕艰辛,如今始得一命微官。
安西(749) · 两赴边塞
唐玄宗天宝八载(749年),安西四镇节度使高仙芝辟岑参为右威卫录事参军,充幕府掌书记。他辞别长安,越陇山、渡流沙,跋涉万里抵达安西都护府治所龟兹(今新疆库车),开始第一次边塞生涯。
凉州(751) · 两赴边塞
唐玄宗天宝十载(751年),高仙芝兵败怛罗斯后入朝,岑参东还途中滞留凉州。他与河西幕府旧友夜集于客馆,听胡人琵琶,饮葡萄美酒,在弯弯新月下写下河西都会的繁华与豪情。
轮台(754) · 两赴边塞
唐玄宗天宝十三载(754年),岑参应安西北庭节度使封常清之辟,任大理评事摄监察御史,充节度判官,随军驻节轮台。八月飞雪之夜,他在此送别东归的同僚武判官,写下震烁古今的《白雪歌》。
北庭(755) · 两赴边塞
唐玄宗天宝十四载(755年),岑参在北庭都护府(治庭州,今新疆吉木萨尔)幕府任职。适逢封常清率军西征播仙,岑参作《轮台歌》《走马川行》为大军送行,金戈铁马、黄沙碎石,尽显盛唐军威。
凤翔(757) · 东归谏垣
唐肃宗至德二载(757年),安史乱中,岑参自北庭万里东归,奔赴肃宗行在凤翔。经裴荐、杜甫等五人联名举荐,授右补阙。重阳行军途中,他遥望沦陷的长安故园,战火中的秋菊令他怆然泪下。
长安(谏垣)(758) · 东归谏垣
唐肃宗乾元元年(758年),两京收复,岑参随驾回长安,任右补阙。他与中书舍人贾至、给事中王维、左拾遗杜甫同值门下省,早朝大明宫,相互唱和,留下盛唐宫阙唱和诗的绝响。
虢州(759) · 东归谏垣
唐肃宗乾元二年(759年),岑参因直言敢谏、屡指朝中权佞,被排挤出京,出任虢州长史。虢州地处潼关之内、崤函古道之上,宦途蹉跎的岑参登郡城西楼,半生抱负化为白头浩叹。
嘉州(766) · 嘉州入蜀
唐代宗大历元年(766年),岑参随杜鸿渐入蜀,抵达嘉州就任刺史。他一年前已受嘉州刺史之命,因蜀中崔旰作乱、道路梗阻而滞留梁州,至此方得赴任。世称"岑嘉州",即源于此。
成都(770) · 嘉州入蜀
唐代宗大历五年(770年),罢官后客居成都的岑参欲东归不果,辗转于蜀中,约于此年秋卒于成都旅舍,享年约五十六岁。一代边塞诗宗,万里投荒而来,最终埋骨锦城。
The Life Journey of Cen Shen, Bard of the Frontier
Cen Shen (c. 715-770), of Nanyang, born of three generations of chancellors and a jinshi of 744, served twice at the frontier under Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing, living six years in the Anxi and Beiting protectorates. The greatest of the High Tang frontier poets — paired with Gao Shi as 'Gao-Cen' — he ended as Prefect of Jiazhou and died in Chengdu.
Timeline of the Journey
- 715 · 嵩阳 — Born to a house of chancellors fallen on hard times; orphaned young, he read in a thatched hut below Mount Shaoshi at fifteen.
- 744 · 长安 — Passed the jinshi in Chang'an at thirty — after ten years of petitions and struggle — and took his first petty post.
- 749 · 安西 — Crossing deserts to Kucha as secretary in Gao Xianzhi's staff — 'riding west as if to reach the sky; twice the moon rounded since I left home.'
- 751 · 凉州 — Delayed at Liangzhou after the Talas defeat, feasting with fellow officers to hu pipa and grape wine beneath the new moon.
- 754 · 轮台 — At Luntai with Feng Changqing he wrote the immortal 'White Snow Song' on an August snowfall — 'like a spring wind overnight, ten thousand pear trees in bloom.'
- 755 · 北庭 — At Beiting his war songs — 'the Luntai wind howls at night, stones big as fists' — saw the Tang army off to campaign.
- 757 · 凤翔 — Returning ten thousand li through the An Lushan chaos to the emperor's camp at Fengxiang — recommended by Du Fu and others as Rectifier of the Right.
- 758 · 长安 — Back in recovered Chang'an he exchanged dawn-court poems with Jia Zhi, Wang Wei and Du Fu — the last flowering of palace verse.
- 759 · 虢州 — Squeezed out of court for blunt remonstrance, a prefectural secretary at Guozhou sighing gray hair over a misspent life.
- 766 · 嘉州 — Reaching Jiazhou (Leshan) at last as Prefect after roads blocked by rebellion — 'from the temple above the birds, Emei floats on the waves.'
- 770 · 成都 — Dismissed and stranded, he died in a Chengdu inn at about fifty-six — the frontier bard buried in the Brocade City.
'Suddenly, as if a spring wind came overnight — ten thousand pear trees in bloom.' Cen Shen turned the deserts of the far west into the most exuberant poetry the Tang ever wrote; the frontier made him, and outlived the frontier itself.