高适的一生行迹(704-765)
高适(704-765),字达夫,渤海蓨县(今河北景县)人,盛唐著名边塞诗人。早年客居宋州,北游燕赵,天宝八载中有道科,授封丘尉,后入哥舒翰幕府,官至淮南、剑南节度使,封渤海县侯,是唐代诗人中少有的显达者。
蓨县(704) · 少年侠游
武则天长安四年(704年),高适出生于渤海蓨县(今河北景县)一个官宦之家。其父高崇文曾任韶州长史,但家道中落。高适少年时家境贫寒,却胸怀大志,喜好交游,颇有豪侠之气。
长安(723) · 少年侠游
唐玄宗开元十一年(723年),二十岁的高适西游长安,欲以才华干谒公卿、求取功名。然而权贵之门深似海,无人引荐的他四处碰壁,只得慨然东归,从此客居梁宋,躬耕自给。
宋州(730) · 梁宋耕读
唐玄宗开元十八年(730年)前后,高适定居宋州(今河南商丘),一面躬耕垄亩,一面苦读书剑。梁宋平原是汉代梁孝王的故地,文脉深厚,高适在此结交文士、砥砺志节,静待时机。
蓟门(732) · 燕赵壮游
唐玄宗开元二十年(732年),高适北游燕赵,抵达幽州蓟门,欲投朔方节度使幕府建功立业。他亲历东北边塞,目睹安禄山坐大的隐患,写下大量忧国伤时的边塞诗篇。
营州(738) · 燕赵壮游
唐玄宗开元二十六年(738年),高适客居燕赵,听闻幽州节度使张守珪部于潢水战败、主帅讳败为胜之事,愤而作《燕歌行》。此诗一出,天下传诵,成为高适边塞诗的巅峰之作。
睢阳(744) · 燕赵壮游
唐玄宗天宝三载(744年),被赐金放还的李白与杜甫同游梁宋,与高适相遇于睢阳。三位大诗人登吹台、猎孟诸,饮酒赋诗,慷慨怀古,留下中国文学史上"三星聚会"的千古佳话。
封丘(749) · 入仕与入幕
唐玄宗天宝八载(749年),睢阳太守张九皋荐举高适应有道科,及第后授封丘县尉。年近半百的高适终于入仕,却发现县尉一职"拜迎官长心欲碎,鞭挞黎庶令人悲",不堪其苦。
潼关(756) · 入仕与入幕
唐玄宗天宝十五载(756年),安禄山叛军西进,哥舒翰兵败潼关被俘。高适自战场间道驰归长安,向唐玄宗陈说潼关败亡之状,迁侍御史,旋擢谏议大夫,随玄宗入蜀。
成都(763) · 出将入相
唐代宗广德元年(763年),高适任剑南西川节度使,镇守成都。他在蜀地抵御吐蕃侵扰,保境安民,并接济流寓成都的老友杜甫。次年召还为刑部侍郎,转左散骑常侍。
长安(终老)(765) · 出将入相
唐代宗永泰元年(765年)正月,高适在长安左散骑常侍任上病逝,享年六十二岁。朝廷赠礼部尚书,谥曰"忠"。他以诗人之身位登方镇、封侯拜爵,为唐代诗人所罕见。
The Life Journey of Gao Shi, Frontier Poet and Marquis
Gao Shi (704-765), styled Dafu, of Bohai Tiao county, was the frontier poet who came home a marquis. Thirty years of failed petitions and farming at Songzhou, the 'Song of Yan' that carried the frontier to every household, the trio with Li Bai and Du Fu at Suiyang in 744 — and at the end, Commissioner of Huainan and Jiannan, Marquis of Bohai. Of all Tang poets, only he.
Timeline of the Journey
- 704 · 蓨县 — Born to a fallen official house in Tiao county; poor, proud, and of the knight-errant temper from the start.
- 723 · 长安 — Twenty and confident, he knocked on the great gates of Chang'an — none opened. East again, to farm and wait.
- 730 · 宋州 — Years of plough and sword at Songzhou, old fief of Liang's princes: 'a wild goose flies high, the wind and sand whirl' — and patience.
- 732 · 蓟门 — North to the frontier at Jimen, reading the growing shadow of An Lushan years before anyone else dared write it down.
- 738 · 营州 — News of a defeat dressed up as victory in the northeast — and the 'Song of Yan,' soldiers starving while generals dance: all China recited it.
- 744 · 睢阳 — The golden year: Li Bai, released with gold from court, and Du Fu came through — three poets on the blowing terrace, hunting the Mengzhu marshes, 'a meeting of three stars.'
- 749 · 封丘 — County defender at forty-five at last, and loathing it: 'bowing to superiors breaks my heart; whipping the people makes me weep.'
- 756 · 潼关 — Escaping the Tong Pass disaster, he reached the emperor first with the truth — raised overnight to Remonstrance Minister, into Shu with Xuanzong.
- 763 · 成都 — Commissioner of Jiannan at Chengdu: holding Tibet at bay — and quietly sending rice to an old friend named Du Fu.
- 765 · 长安 — Died at sixty-two in Chang'an, Left Grand Master of Remonstrance, posthumous Minister of Rites, 'Loyal' — the poet who made it all the way.
'Friend, do not fear the road ahead without friends — who under heaven does not know you?' Gao Shi wrote cheer into parting and then lived the longest odds-down climb in Tang poetry: from farm gate to marquisate.