韩偓的一生行迹(842-923)
韩偓(842-923),字致尧,自号玉山樵人,京兆万年(今西安)人。龙纪元年进士,官至翰林学士承旨、中书舍人,为唐昭宗所倚重。朱温篡唐后南依王审知,流寓闽中。诗分两体:早年《香奁集》绮艳,晚年《翰林集》悲凉。《已凉》为香奁体代表作。
万年(842) · 万年少年
唐武宗会昌二年(842年),韩偓出生于京兆万年(今西安),为李商隐连襟韩瞻之子。他自幼浸润于长安的文化氛围,少年即以诗才名动京邑,李商隐称其"雏凤清于老凤声"。
长安(889) · 香奁绮年
唐昭宗龙纪元年(889年),韩偓登进士第。他在长安应试期间,已以香奁诗名满京华,《香奁集》中的大部分闺情诗即写于此时,笔触绮艳而情致深婉。
长安(翰林)(901) · 翰林忠臣
唐昭宗光化四年(901年),韩偓召入翰林院,为翰林学士承旨。他深受昭宗信任,参与密谋,对抗宦官与朱温的势力,成为晚唐朝廷最后的忠臣之一。
凤翔(901) · 凤翔从驾
唐昭宗天复元年(901年)十一月,宦官韩全诲等劫昭宗奔凤翔,韩偓夜追及驾,随至凤翔行在,迁兵部侍郎。天复二年(902年)冬至,他在凤翔行在写下《冬至夜作》。天复三年(903年)昭宗还京,欲拜韩偓为相,他荐赵崇、王赞自代,触怒朱温,被贬濮州司马,不赴,南下避祸。
邓州(905) · 贬谪南行
唐哀帝天祐二年(905年),贬谪中的韩偓已流落于邓州以南的江湖之间。朱温已于904年弑昭宗、立哀帝,唐室名存实亡。回望故都,韩偓写下多首伤时感事之作,忠愤之情溢于言表。
沙县(910) · 南安流寓
天祐三年(906年)秋,韩偓抵达福州,依威武节度使王审知,颇受礼遇。开平二年(908年),因不满王审知向后梁称臣,他携眷移居沙县,寓居城西天王院岁余。开平四年(910年)自沙县赴龙溪途中,目睹泉州军过后村落皆空,写下字字血泪的纪实之篇。
南安(福建)(911) · 南安流寓
后梁乾化元年(911年),韩偓移居南安县治(今福建南安丰州),初寓九日山僧舍,后率家人在葵山垦荒筑室,自号"玉山樵人",以耕读自遣,诗酒度日。
南安(福建·终老)(923) · 南安流寓
后唐庄宗同光元年(923年),韩偓卒于南安,享年八十二岁。他死后不久,后唐灭后梁,但韩偓所忠诚的唐王朝已永不复返。南安九日山至今保存韩偓墓,为省级文物保护单位。
The Life Journey of Han Wo, Last Loyalist of the Tang
Han Wo (842-923), styled Zhiyao, the 'Woodcutter of the Jade Mountain,' was the last true loyalist of the Tang court. Chief Hanlin Academician under the doomed Zhaozong, he was exiled by Zhu Wen and ended his eighty-two years a recluse in Fujian. Two styles, one life: the perfumed 'Xianglian Collection' of youth, the desolate 'Hanlin Collection' of age.
Timeline of the Journey
- 842 · 万年 — Born in Wannian, Chang'an, son of Han Zhan and nephew by marriage of Li Shangyin, who hailed the boy's voice as 'clearer than the phoenix.'
- 889 · 长安 — Jinshi under Zhaozong; already the toast of the capital for the boudoir verse of the 'Xianglian Collection' — 'already cool, the weather.'
- 901 · 长安 — Chief Hanlin Academician, keeper of the emperor's secrets in the last stand against the eunuchs and Zhu Wen — 'the old capital' mourned in verse as it fell.
- 901 · 凤翔 — November 901: the eunuchs carried the emperor off to Fengxiang, and Han Wo rode through the night to catch him. Two winters in the improvised court — then, for recommending the wrong ministers, banished to Puzhou.
- 905 · 邓州 — South through Dengzhou after the murder of Zhaozong: the loyalist with no court left to serve, poems all grief and indignation.
- 910 · 沙县 — From Sha county toward Longxi after the army had passed: 'a thousand hamlets like Cold-Food day — no human smoke, only flowers.' The war-witness quatrain of the age.
- 911 · 南安 — A hut in the hills above Nan'an's Nine-Sun Mountain: 'Woodcutter of the Jade Mountain,' farming and reading, wine and poems.
- 923 · 南安 — Died at eighty-two, the year Later Tang destroyed Later Liang — but the Tang he served never returned. His tomb keeps the mountain.
'The lone loyalist at the sky's edge sheds idle tears; the wronged souls beneath the ground gnaw their navels in vain.' Han Wo outlived his dynasty by a whole generation, its last loyalist and its finest elegist.
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