李贺的一生行迹(790-816)
李贺(790-816),字长吉,河南府福昌县昌谷(今河南宜阳)人,唐宗室远支后裔,中唐最富奇想的天才诗人。他因避父讳不得举进士,仅仕奉礼郎,沉沦下僚,二十七岁早逝。其诗想象诡谲、辞采瑰丽,多写神仙鬼魅,世称"诗鬼",其独特风格被称为"长吉体"。
福昌昌谷(790) · 昌谷少年
唐德宗贞元六年(790年),李贺出生于河南府福昌县昌谷(今河南宜阳三乡)一个没落的宗室之家。他是唐高祖李渊叔父郑王李亮的后裔,虽自称"唐诸王孙",家道却早已中落,父亲李晋肃仅任边疆小吏,家境清寒。
洛阳(807) · 洛阳干谒
唐宪宗元和二年(807年),十八岁的李贺带着诗稿东出昌谷,来到东都洛阳,拜谒分司东都的文坛领袖韩愈。韩愈读其《雁门太守行》首句"黑云压城城欲摧",大为惊异,亲自束带整衣接见,李贺诗名由此鹊起。
长安(应试)(810) · 洛阳干谒
唐宪宗元和五年(810年)冬,李贺在洛阳通过河南府试获"乡贡进士"资格,满怀希望赴长安应进士试。不料妒才者以其父名"晋肃"、犯"进"字嫌名为由群起攻讦,迫使他放弃考试。韩愈激愤之下作《讳辩》为之力争,终不能挽回。
长安(奉礼郎)(811) · 长安沉沦
唐宪宗元和六年(811年),在韩愈等人荐引下,李贺以门荫入仕,出任太常寺奉礼郎,从九品上,掌祭祀礼仪之末务。居长安三年间,他耳闻目睹宫廷的荒淫靡费与民生的凋敝疾苦,写下《李凭箜篌引》等名篇,内心却日益愤懑。
咸阳道(813) · 长安沉沦
唐宪宗元和八年(813年)春,沉沦下僚、疾病缠身的李贺决意辞官。他自长安西出,取道咸阳古道东归,遥望汉武帝陵寝与金铜仙人故迹,有感于王朝兴废、人生短促,写下千古名篇《金铜仙人辞汉歌》。
昌谷(归居)(814) · 漂泊长逝
唐宪宗元和九年(814年),辞官归里的李贺回到昌谷故居。同年秋,淮西吴元济叛乱,朝廷用兵,他投笔从戎之志复萌却报国无门。乡居期间他整理诗稿,写下《秋来》《南园》诸篇,病骨支离中犹自呕心苦吟。
潞州(815) · 漂泊长逝
唐宪宗元和十年(815年),为谋生计,李贺抱病北上潞州(今山西长治),投奔在昭义军节度使郗士美幕中任职的友人张彻。客居潞州近两年间,他备尝幕府趋走之劳与寄人篱下之苦,病情日益加重,终无所遇而南归。
昌谷(长逝)(816) · 漂泊长逝
唐宪宗元和十一年(816年),从潞州南归的李贺病势转沉,在昌谷故居将平生所作二百三十三首诗编为四编,托付好友沈亚之。同年秋,这位旷世天才溘然长逝,年仅二十七岁,留下"长吉体"一座无人企及的诗学奇峰。
The Life Journey of Li He, the Demon Genius of Poetry
Li He (790-816), 'the Ghost of Poetry,' a remote prince's son in Changgu valley, was barred from the examinations by his dead father's name — Jin — and served out his days as a ninth-rank ritual clerk. In twenty-seven years he wrote 233 poems of gods, ghosts, bronze immortals weeping and cocks that crow the world white: the 'Changji style,' like no one before or since.
Timeline of the Journey
- 790 · 昌谷 — Born in Changgu, Yichang, of the fading line of Prince Liang: 'a descendant of the Tang princes' with a servant-boy and an old servant, and a bag of poems. 'Male, why not carry the Wu hook?'
- 807 · 洛阳 — Eighteen, poems to the master of Luoyang — Han Yu read 'black clouds press the city, the city near to breaking' and opened his gates to the boy on the spot.
- 810 · 长安 — Provincial honors won, then the capital ambush: his father's name 'Jinsu' barred the word 'jinshi' — the examination closed to him by a syllable. 'Heaven's brow, who sees the road?'
- 811 · 长安 — Through Han Yu's advocacy, Court Gentleman of Sacrifice, ninth rank, three years of incense and flags — and 'The Konghou Song,' the jade that shattered in Chang'an's ears.
- 813 · 咸阳道 — Resigning, east by the Xianyang road: the bronze immortal taken from the Han tomb, 'tears lead-heavy in his eyes' — the empire's own farewell at the mausoleum gate.
- 814 · 昌谷 — Home sick in the valley, the Huaixi war calling a scholar with no commission; 'Autumn comes' — the worry that words will not live.
- 815 · 潞州 — North, coughing blood, to Zhang Che's staff at Luzhou: 'The horse poem' — 'when the golden brain is offered, who pities the emaciated bone?'
- 816 · 昌谷 — Home to die at twenty-seven; 233 poems in four bundles handed to Shen Yazhi. 'If Heaven itself had feelings, Heaven too would grow old.'
'If Heaven had feelings, Heaven itself would age.' Li He looked at the world sideways, from the ghost country and the god country both — and Chinese poetry got its one true demon genius.