刘长卿的一生行迹(709-786)
刘长卿(约709-约786),字文房,宣州(今安徽宣城)人,祖籍河间。中唐诗人,工五言诗,权德舆称其"五言长城"。曾两度遭贬——初谪潘州南巴,再贬睦州司马,晚年任随州刺史,诗风清凄幽冷,长于离愁别恨。《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》《别严士元》传诵千古。
河间(709) · 河间求学
唐中宗景龙三年(709年)前后,刘长卿出生于河间(今河北河间)。他自幼力学,遍读经史百家,尤精五言诗体,弱冠即有声于河朔间,为乡里推重。
洛阳(734) · 洛阳登第
唐玄宗开元二十二年(734年)前后,刘长卿在洛阳登进士第。他在东都结识了众多诗友,出入名公卿之间,以五言诗才名动洛下,开始了仕宦生涯。
长安(740) · 洛阳登第
唐玄宗开元末年(740年前后),刘长卿仕于长安。他性情刚直,不肯阿附权贵,在朝中虽以诗名闻达,却因言事触忤当道,埋下了日后两遭贬谪的伏笔。
苏州(756) · 吴越为官
唐肃宗至德元年(756年)前后,刘长卿任苏州长洲县尉。安史之乱中,他避乱江南,在吴越山水间暂得一方安宁,诗作亦多写江南风物与离愁别绪。
长洲(贬)(759) · 长洲遭贬
唐肃宗乾元二年(759年)春,刘长卿以长洲县尉遭人构陷犯赃,被贬为潘州南巴尉,这是他第一次遭贬,实为受人诬陷,冤屈莫白。他自苏州南行赴贬所,途经馀干,与遇赦东归的李白相逢,作《将赴南巴至馀干别李十二》赠别,"万里青山送逐臣"之句,直道之痛溢于言表。
鄂州(764) · 长洲遭贬
唐代宗广德二年(764年)前后,遇赦的刘长卿辗转江西、淮南间,入转运使幕,后任淮西鄂岳转运留后,驻鄂州(江夏)。他登临黄鹤楼,远眺长江,写下多首怀古送别之作,诗名愈盛。大历八、九年间(773-774年),鄂岳观察使吴仲孺诬劾他犯赃二十万贯,赖按问得从未减,再贬睦州司马——这是他第二次遭贬,谪居睦州数年。
随州(779) · 随州暮年
唐代宗大历末(约779年),量移后的刘长卿出任随州刺史,世称"刘随州"。他在随州数年,治理地方颇有政声,但建中四年(783年)李希烈叛乱,随州陷落,他逃往扬州,晚境凄凉。
扬州(783) · 随州暮年
唐德宗建中四年(783年),李希烈叛军攻陷随州,刘长卿弃城出走,辗转抵达扬州避乱。他年逾七旬,半生两遭贬谪,晚年又逢藩镇之乱,漂泊无依,悲凉不堪。
洛阳(终老)(786) · 随州暮年
唐德宗贞元二年(786年)前后,刘长卿病逝于洛阳或江南某地,享年约七十七岁。他晚年漂泊吴越,穷愁潦倒,但诗歌创作不辍,五言律诗的造诣已达化境。
The Life Journey of Liu Changqing, the Five-Character Great Wall
Liu Changqing (c. 709-c. 786), styled Wenfang, called by Quan Deyu the 'Great Wall of Five-Character Verse,' was twice banished on framed charges and ended a refugee from a rebel army at seventy. 'Snow at Night at Furong Mountain' — twenty white words that never melt — stands for a lifetime of cold, clear music.
Timeline of the Journey
- 709 · 河间 — Born in Hejian; the young master of the five-character line, known along the Yellow River before the capital had heard of him.
- 734 · 洛阳 — Jinshi through Luoyang; the salons of the eastern capital opened, and the reputation with them.
- 740 · 长安 — In Chang'an, upright to the point of collision; the enemies made now would collect later. 'The old mode, though I love it, the men of today play it less.'
- 756 · 苏州 — Through the An Lushan chaos to Changzhou county, Suzhou; the Jiangnan water-towns filled with other people's sorrows and his own quiet poems.
- 759 · 长洲 — Framed for corruption he never committed — demoted to Nanba in far Pan-zhou; on the road south, at Yugan, the pardoned Li Bai — 'ten thousand li of green mountains see off the banished man.'
- 764 · 鄂州 — Amnestied, then transport intendant at Jiangxia below the old Yellow Crane terrace — and the second frame-up, a charge of embezzlement: banished to Muzhou. 'No waves, no smoke on the sandbars; the exile's longing only deepens.'
- 779 · 随州 — Prefect of Suizhou for some four years — 'Liu of Suizhou'; the best years his rank ever gave him. 'At dusk, the mountain far, the sky cold, the white house poor; in the woodshed a dog barks — someone returns home through snow.'
- 783 · 扬州 — Li Xilie's rebellion took Suizhou; the old man out on the roads again to Yangzhou, sending off the monk Lingche — 'the green mountain's empty shadow far in the setting light.'
- 786 · 洛阳 — Died in his late seventies, in Luoyang or the south; two exiles, one war, a thousand poems — and the Five-Character Wall standing. 'For three years, banished to Changsha — I weep at this visit to the scholar Jia's house.'
'At dusk the mountains are far, the sky grows cold, the poor hut whitens with snow.' The coldest small poem in the language, from the man who kept the five-character line like a fortress through a whole hard age.
与其仰望诗人的背影,不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人,沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行:每过一站,触发一篇该地系年诗作;入夜之后,更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁,皆非示意图,而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订,每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作,寓学于游。