刘过的一生行迹(1154-1206)
刘过(1154-1206),字改之,号龙洲道人,吉州太和(今江西泰和)人,南宋豪放派词人。一生布衣,屡试不第,曾上书朝廷力主恢复中原,不报。与辛弃疾交厚,词风豪迈奔放,慷慨悲凉,与刘克庄并称"二刘"。
泰和(1154) · 泰和少年
宋高宗绍兴二十四年(1154年),刘过出生于吉州太和(今江西泰和)。其家世寒微,少年即负才名,好谈兵略,慨然有恢复中原之志。然科举不利,终生未第,以布衣终老。
临安(1181) · 布衣游历
宋孝宗淳熙八年(1181年),刘过赴临安应举,再次落第。他在临安上书朝廷,力陈恢复中原之策,言辞慷慨激烈,却如石沉大海,无人理会。自此他绝意科举,专力词章,以布衣交游天下名士。
四明(1192) · 牒试赠词
宋光宗绍熙三年(1192年)秋,刘过赴四明(今浙江宁波)应牒试,再度黜落。失意中他邂逅一位沦落风尘的年长歌妓,同是天涯沦落人,遂赋《贺新郎·老去相如倦》相赠。据张世南《游宦纪闻》载刘过自言,此词"至今天下与禁中皆歌之",一时传唱朝野。
镇江(1193) · 龙洲豪词
宋光宗绍熙四年(1193年),刘过客游镇江,登北固山多景楼,北望中原,感慨万千。他挥笔写下《多景楼》一诗,以壮怀激烈之语抒发恢复河山的渴望,与辛弃疾登北固亭诸作遥相呼应。
绍兴(1203) · 辛刘交谊
宋宁宗嘉泰三年(1203年),辛弃疾起知绍兴府兼浙东安抚使,闻刘过之名,遣使致书相邀。刘过时客居临安,因事未能即行,遂作《沁园春》词以谢——词中戏言白居易、林逋、苏轼三贤"驾勒吾回",妙趣横生。辛弃疾得词大喜,再三相邀,刘过乃东赴绍兴,两人置酒高会,纵论恢复大计,结为莫逆之交,为南宋词坛一段佳话。
武昌(1206) · 安远楼词
宋宁宗开禧二年(1206年)八月,刘过重游武昌(今湖北武汉),与友人小集于黄鹄山安远楼(南楼)。此楼淳熙十三年(1186年)落成后不久他曾登览,弹指二十年,江山依旧而人事全非。席上歌女乞词,他挥笔写下《唐多令·芦叶满汀洲》,"欲买桂花同载酒,终不似,少年游",道尽江湖落拓之悲,一时传唱大江南北。
昆山(1206) · 客死昆山
宋宁宗开禧二年(1206年),刘过病逝于昆山(今江苏昆山),享年五十三岁。他晚年流寓昆山,依友人而居,一生布衣,却以豪放词名垂青史。卒后葬于马鞍山,词集《龙洲词》传世,为南宋豪放词重要文献。
The Life Journey of Liu Guo, the Bare-Sword Lyricist
Liu Guo (1154-1206), styled Gaizhi, the 'Daoist of Dragon Isle,' never passed an examination and never lowered his voice. His memorials on recovering the north went unanswered; his ci went everywhere — loud, bitter, patriotic — and made him the drinking companion and equal of Xin Qiji.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1154 · 泰和 — Born poor in Taihe, Jizhou; a boy talking strategy, 'his spirit set on the Central Plains' from the first.
- 1181 · 临安 — Failed again in the capital, he submitted his plan for the north — 'words generous and fierce' — into silence. No more examinations.
- 1192 · 四明 — Failed again at the regional examination in Siming (Ningbo); to a singer past her prime he gave the ‘Old Xiangru grows weary’ ci — ‘now sung from the capital to the palace within,’ he noted.
- 1193 · 镇江 — At Duojing Tower on Beigu hill, the river north: 'the first town of the world' — and every mile of it Jin territory.
- 1203 · 绍兴 — Xin Qiji, pacification commissioner of eastern Zhejiang, sent for him; back came the mock-heroic ‘Qinyuanchun’ — Bai Juyi, Lin Bu and Su Shi ‘dragging me home’ — then Liu Guo himself, east to Shaoxing: weeks of wine and talk, two like minds.
- 1206 · 武昌 — Back at Wuchang’s Anyuan Tower twenty years on, a singing-girl begged a ci: ‘reed leaves fill the sandbar’ — the saddest song in his loud repertoire.
- 1206 · 昆山 — Died at Kunshan at fifty-three after a lifetime of wandering; buried on Ma’anshan hill. The ‘Longzhou ci’ survives.
'Twenty years since the South Tower last saw me... I would buy cassia and load the boat with wine — but nothing now is like the journey of youth.’ The untitled, unplaced, unforgotten voice of a blocked generation.
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