刘克庄的一生行迹(1187-1269)
刘克庄(1187-1269),字潜夫,号后村,兴化军莆田(今福建莆田)人,南宋后期文坛领袖、江湖诗派代表。官至工部尚书兼侍读,以龙图阁学士致仕。其诗词兼擅,诗近千首,词存二百余首,风格豪放悲凉,继承辛弃疾传统,为南宋后期豪放词坛主将。
莆田(1187) · 莆田少年
宋孝宗淳熙十四年(1187年),刘克庄出生于兴化军莆田(今福建莆田)。其家世代仕宦,父刘弥正官至吏部侍郎。刘克庄少时聪慧,博览群书,尤喜诗词。少年时代便以文才闻名乡里,十九岁以荫补官,步入仕途。
建阳(1210) · 江湖诗客
宋宁宗嘉定三年(1210年),刘克庄监建阳县城。在建阳期间,他与当地刻书业有密切往来,接触了大量书籍。他在建阳结识了不少江湖诗人,开始以诗文名世,逐渐成为江湖诗派的核心人物。
临安(1225) · 仕途沉浮
宋理宗宝庆元年(1225年),刘克庄因《落梅》诗被言官弹劾,指其讥刺时政,一度罢官。此即著名的"落梅诗案"。他在临安期间,与朝中名士交游,文声益振。虽仕途坎坷,却因祸得福,文名更盛。
莆田(闲居)(1230) · 后村词笔
宋理宗绍定三年(1230年),刘克庄因落梅诗案闲居故里。他在莆田建后村别业,自号后村居士,以诗酒自遣。闲居期间,他创作了大量词作,风格日趋豪放悲壮,继承辛弃疾传统而自成一家。
临安(复起)(1237) · 仕途沉浮
宋理宗嘉熙元年(1237年),刘克庄被重新起用,历任枢密院编修、工部侍郎等职。在临安为官期间,他力主抗蒙,多次上书论边防之事。然而朝中主和派势力强大,他的主张屡遭掣肘,内心深感无奈。
建宁(1241) · 仕途沉浮
宋理宗淳祐元年(1241年),刘克庄出知建宁府(今福建建瓯)。在建宁任上,他兴学重教,修缮书院,推举贤才。政余之暇,他仍不废吟咏,写下多首关心国事的诗词作品。
临安(高位)(1256) · 文坛宗匠
宋理宗宝祐四年(1256年),刘克庄升任工部尚书兼侍读,达到仕途巅峰。然而此时蒙古大军已兵临襄阳,国势日蹙。他虽身居高位,却无力回天,只能在诗词中抒发悲愤之情。他支持贾似道主政,但对其军事方针深感忧虑。
莆田(终老)(1269) · 文坛宗匠
宋度宗咸淳五年(1269年),刘克庄以龙图阁学士致仕,回到莆田后村别业。同年病逝,享年八十三岁。他一生著述宏富,诗词兼擅,为南宋后期文坛一代宗匠。其《后村先生大全集》传世,存诗近五千首,词二百余首。
The Life Journey of Liu Kezhuang, Last Master of the Heroic Song
Liu Kezhuang (1187-1269), the 'Master of the Rear Village,' of Putian, was the last great figure of the Jianghu school and heir to Xin Qiji's heroic lyric. Prosecuted over a plum-blossom poem, banished, recalled, minister of Works — through it all two hundred ci and a thousand poems, and the drum-beat of resistance to the Mongols.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1187 · 莆田 — Born in Putian to a bureaucratic family; books before toys, and the Xinzhi manner early.
- 1210 · 建阳 — Warden of Jianyang — the printing city; amid the bookshops the young poet met the Jianghu school, 'the bitter cold march' among his first songs.
- 1225 · 临安 — The 'Fallen Plum' case: a censor read treason into a line about petals — office lost for wit's sake; the poem lived longer than the charge.
- 1230 · 莆田 — Home in exile-at-large, the Rear Villa built, the name taken; the idle years filling with the hardest-edged lyrics of the age.
- 1237 · 临安 — Recalled to the Bureau of Military Affairs, then the Works ministry — memorials on the northern defenses, and the peace party always in the way. 'On the Double Ninth' — 'how many in this world share my kind of sorrow?'
- 1241 · 建宁 — Prefect of Jianning: academies repaired, talents raised — 'the new-leek speech to my friend Lin the clerk' — governing and writing both.
- 1256 · 临安 — Minister of Works and Reader-in-waiting, the summit — with the Mongols at Xiangyang. 'Sent to Chen Zihua at Zhenzhou': a general's commission for a friend, a strategy in a ci.
- 1269 · 莆田 — Retired on the Longtu patent home to the Rear Villa; died the same year at eighty-three, the last master of the grand heroic line.
'Where are the men of Zhang Liang's and Xiao He's measure for the sick empire?' Liu Kezhuang asked the question in ci for fifty years — the last voice of the fighting Song, and its finest after Xin.