刘子翚的一生行迹（1101-1147）
刘子翚，字彦冲，号屏山，建州崇安（今福建武夷山）人，南宋理学家、诗人，屏山学派创始人。与胡宪、刘勉之并称"武夷三先生"，朱熹曾从之受学。诗风清劲，著有《屏山集》。
崇安（1101） · 崇安求学
宋徽宗建中靖国元年，刘子翚出生于建州崇安，其父刘鞈官至资政殿学士。刘子翚自幼好学，在武夷山的文化氛围中成长，少年时即以博学知名乡里。他特别喜欢研读经史，对理学产生了浓厚兴趣。
建安（1120） · 崇安求学
宋徽宗宣和二年前后，青年刘子翚游学建安（今福建建瓯），在当地书院中研读经史。他在建安结识了不少志同道合的学人，共同探讨理学精义，为其后开创屏山学派积累了深厚的学术根基。
开封（1126） · 靖康之变
宋钦宗靖康元年，金兵攻陷开封，刘子翚之父刘鞈殉国。刘子翚悲痛欲绝，携家南归。他在南渡途中亲眼目睹了战乱给百姓带来的苦难，写下了许多反映现实的诗作。
建阳（1130） · 建阳讲学
宋高宗建炎四年，刘子翚在崇安、建阳一带讲学授徒。他在建阳创建屏山书院，传授理学。他的讲学不拘泥于章句，注重心性修养，深受学生欢迎。与胡宪、刘勉之并称"武夷三先生"。
武夷山（1134） · 建阳讲学
宋高宗绍兴四年前后，刘子翚在武夷山中构建精舍，潜心著述讲学。他在武夷精舍中完成了《屏山集》的早期篇章，系统阐述了"明心"之学。武夷山的清幽环境使他的学术思想更加深邃精微。
崇安（1138） · 教授朱熹
宋高宗绍兴八年，少年朱熹奉父遗命从学于刘子翚。刘子翚对朱熹极为器重，将自己毕生所学倾囊相授。他教导朱熹"格物致知"和"持敬"的工夫，对朱熹日后形成系统的理学思想产生了深远影响。
崇安（1142） · 教授朱熹
宋高宗绍兴十二年，刘子翚继续在崇安讲学，同时整理自己的学术著作。他在此期间写成了《屏山集》中的许多重要篇章，系统阐述了屏山学派的哲学思想。他还与同时代理学家频繁通信，讨论学术问题。
崇安（1147） · 晚年著述
宋高宗绍兴十七年，刘子翚病逝于崇安，享年四十七岁。朱熹闻讯后悲痛不已，为其师撰写了行状。刘子翚虽英年早逝，但其学术思想经由朱熹等人发扬光大，对南宋理学的发展产生了深远影响。
The Life Journey of Liu Zihui, Teacher of Zhu Xi
Liu Zihui (1101-1147), the 'Master of Screen Mountain,' of Chong'an in Wuyi, was one of the 'Three Masters of Wuyi' — and the first teacher of Zhu Xi, who came to him at fourteen by his dying father's order. His father starved himself to death at Kaifeng's fall in 1126; the son turned from office to the schoolroom and built the Pingshan line of learning that Zhu Xi would carry to the summit.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1101 · 崇安 — Born in Chong'an, father Liu Gai rising high in the civil service; books and the Wuyi mists together.
- 1120 · 建安 — Study at Jian'an's academies; the friends and the questions that would become the Pingshan school.
- 1126 · 开封 — The Jin took Kaifeng; his father died rather than serve them. The son led the family south through the wreckage — 'Records of the Bianjing' — the fall written down like a wound.
- 1130 · 建阳 — Settled teaching at Jianyang; the Pingshan Academy founded, with Hu Xian and Liu Mianzhi — the 'Three Masters of Wuyi.'
- 1134 · 武夷山 — A retreat in the Wuyi range: the early 'Pingshan Collection,' the doctrine of the illumined mind taking shape among the cliffs.
- 1138 · 崇安 — Zhu Xi, fourteen, orphaned, given by his father's testament into Liu's care: 'investigate things, hold reverence' — the seed of the entire later school, watered by one patient teacher.
- 1142 · 崇安 — Still teaching, still writing; the school's philosophy set out in full — 'on the sages and worthies.'
- 1147 · 崇安 — Died at forty-six; Zhu Xi wrote the account of his life and grieved for him as for a father. The teacher died young; the lineage never did.
'Of old the swallows before the Wuyi halls flew into the houses of common folk.' One line of the fallen capital, and one boy sent to the right master: Liu Zihui's two acts of transmission, both immortal.
