李益的一生行迹(748-829)
李益(约748-约829),字君虞,祖籍陇西姑臧(今甘肃武威),家居郑州,"大历十才子"之一。大历四年进士,两入边塞幕府近二十年,以边塞诗独步中唐,七绝被誉为"开元之下第一人"。晚年奉诏入朝,官至礼部尚书,年八十余而卒。
郑州(748) · 中原少年
唐玄宗天宝七载(748年),李益出生于郑州(今河南郑州),祖籍陇西姑臧(今甘肃武威),出身于陇西李氏姑臧房这一北方望族。他常以"陇西李益"自署,天宝末年的安史之乱打破了他平静的少年时代。
长安(及第)(769) · 进士沉尉
唐代宗大历四年(769年),二十二岁的李益在长安进士及第。他诗名早著,每作一篇,教坊乐人竟相以重金求购谱曲,传唱于宫廷市井,"江南曲"等绝句名篇不胫而走,名列"大历十才子"。
郑县(771) · 进士沉尉
唐代宗大历六年(771年),李益登书判拔萃科,授华州郑县(今陕西渭南华州区)尉,又迁主簿。他自负才高,却屈沉下僚多年不得升迁,郁郁不得志,遂萌生弃官游边、于幕府中博取功名的念头。
受降城(780) · 塞上从戎
唐德宗建中元年(780年),李益入朔方节度使崔宁幕府,随军巡行塞外,登上河套黄河之畔的受降城。大漠似雪、冷月如霜的边关之夜,芦管声起,他写下七绝压卷之作《夜上受降城闻笛》。
五原(786) · 塞上从戎
唐德宗贞元二年(786年)前后,李益随军驻防盐州、五原一带,途经胡儿饮马泉故地。面对收复不久的河防旧垒,他抚今追昔,写下《盐州过胡儿饮马泉》,寄语行人莫照憔悴容颜,满是久戍不归的辛酸。
幽州(789) · 河朔幕府
唐德宗贞元五年(789年)前后,李益北游河朔,入幽州卢龙节度使刘济幕府为从事。他登临蓟丘、碣石,凭吊燕昭王黄金台故迹,赋诗"感恩知有地,不上望京楼",以酬边帅知遇之恩。
长安(召还)(812) · 入朝晚荣
唐宪宗元和七年(812年)前后,素闻李益诗名的唐宪宗下诏将他从河朔幕府召回长安,授秘书少监、集贤殿学士,掌国家图书典籍。阔别三十年的帝都令鬓发已苍的诗人感慨万千,半生塞上岁月尽付笛声月色。
长安(晚岁)(825) · 入朝晚荣
唐敬宗宝历元年(825年),年近八旬的李益以太子宾客分司东都,旋迁右散骑常侍。晚年的他富贵寿考,却因年轻时负心薄幸的旧事,被写入传奇《霍小玉传》,留下"李十郎负心"的千古话柄。
长安(长逝)(829) · 入朝晚荣
唐文宗大和三年(829年),李益以礼部尚书致仕,同年卒于长安,享年约八十二岁。他从盛唐余晖走到中唐深处,一生跨越六朝帝王,以八旬高龄善终,是"大历十才子"中爵位最高、享年最长的一位。
The Life Journey of Li Yi, the Flute at the Surrender City
Li Yi (c. 748-829), of the Guzuang branch of the Longxi Li, was of the 'Ten Talents of the Dali era' and, by common consent, the finest quatrain-writer after Kaiyuan. Twenty years in frontier staffs gave him 'Night on the Surrender City, Hearing the Flute' — the desert, the frost-moon, ten thousand homesick soldiers in four lines. He ended Minister of Rites, past eighty, scandal and luck both exhausted.
Timeline of the Journey
- 748 · 郑州 — Born in Zhengzhou, Longxi Li of Guzang — 'Li Yi of Longxi' his lifelong signature of pride.
- 769 · 长安 — Jinshi at twenty-two; each new quatrain bought by the court musicians at gold weights before the ink dried — 'Married as a promised bride, I rose at dawn to see my lord — alas, at dawn I rose to see him not.'
- 771 · 郑县 — Passed the selection, defense officer of Zheng county — a great talent in a petty post for years, 'the wind at my bamboo window' his only visitor.
- 780 · 受降城 — Into Cui Ning's Shuofang staff and up onto the Surrender City wall above the Yellow River loop: 'the desert sand like snow, the frontier moon like frost' — and the reed-flute crossing the wastes; 'one sound, and ten thousand men look homeward together.'
- 786 · 五原 — Garrison years at Yanzhou and Wuyuan, past the Hu horse-watering spring: 'these green waters are ours again — for how long?'
- 789 · 幽州 — North to Liu Ji's Youzhou staff: Jichou, Jieshi, King Zhao's Golden Terrace below him — 'gratitude knows where to place itself' — and no court to read it.
- 812 · 长安 — Xianzong, who loved the poems, summoned the man: Vice-director of the Palace Library, Academician of the Jixian — thirty years late. 'Marching north' — the old songs given back to him.
- 825 · 长安 — Past seventy, Retired Gentleman-in-waiting of the Heir Apparent in Luoyang, then Right Grand Master of Remonstrance; his youth's treachery to the singer Huo Xiaoyu fixed forever in the 'Story of Huo Xiaoyu' — the price of one broken promise.
- 829 · 长安 — Retired as Minister of Rites and died the same year, about eighty-two — six emperors, one flute-song, outlasting them all.
'One note of the reed-flute, and ten thousand men look homeward together.' No poet ever needed fewer words for the whole frontier; the Surrender City stands in the language now, built of four lines.