秦观的一生行迹(1049-1100)
秦观(1049-1100),字少游,一字太虚,号淮海居士,高邮(今江苏高邮)人,北宋词人。元丰八年进士,与黄庭坚、晁补之、张耒并称"苏门四学士",词以婉约深情著称,《淮海词》被推为婉约正宗。
高邮(1049) · 高邮少作
宋仁宗皇祐元年(1049年),秦观出生于高邮(今江苏高邮)一书香之家。高邮地处淮扬之间,运河穿城而过,水乡风物灵秀。秦观少时即以才情著称,年十五即作《浮山堰赋》,志在经世,然屡试不中,三十岁方师事苏轼。
徐州(1078) · 开封苏门
宋神宗元丰元年(1078年),秦观赴徐州谒见知州苏轼,以诗为贽,苏轼极为赞赏,收为门人。秦观从此列苏门四学士,与黄庭坚等齐名。苏轼荐其才于王安石,安石亦赞其诗"清新似鲍谢"。
开封(1085) · 开封苏门
宋神宗元丰八年(1085年),秦观终于登进士第,授定海主簿、蔡州教授。入京后,他与黄庭坚、晁补之、张耒同在秘书省,苏门四学士齐聚开封,师从苏轼,诗酒唱和极一时之盛。元祐间迁太学博士、秘书省正字。
杭州(1089) · 杭州处州
宋哲宗元祐四年(1089年),秦观以左宣义郎通判杭州,随苏轼出守钱塘。师徒同在一地,诗酒论文,秦观在杭州西湖畔写下了不少吟咏湖山的诗篇。然而好景不长,苏轼很快召还入京,秦观亦改任处州。
处州(1094) · 杭州处州
宋哲宗绍圣元年(1094年),秦观因属"元祐党人"贬监处州酒税(今浙江丽水)。处州山深水远,他从京官贬为监税小吏,落差巨大。在处州,他常独游南明山、白云山,以词遣愁,写下《千秋岁·水边沙外》等名作。
郴州(1097) · 郴州贬谪
宋哲宗绍圣四年(1097年),秦观自处州再贬郴州编管(今湖南郴州)。南迁途中,他经湘水、过衡阳,到达郴州。在郴州旅舍中,他写下千古名作《踏莎行·郴州旅舍》,"雾失楼台,月迷津渡"的朦胧意象成为婉约词的巅峰之境。
横州(1099) · 横州藤州
宋哲宗元符二年(1099年),秦观自雷州移横州编管(今广西横县)。横州地处岭南,瘴疠之气甚重,秦观在此度过了贬谪生涯的最后岁月。他虽身处极远之地,仍以诗词自遣,在横州海棠桥畔留下吟咏之作。
藤州(1100) · 横州藤州
宋哲宗元符三年(1100年),秦观自横州放还北归,行至藤州(今广西藤县)光华亭,醉中索水饮,笑视左右而逝,享年五十二岁。苏轼闻讯悲恸不已,叹"少游已矣,虽万人何赎",将《踏莎行》结句书于扇面日日摩挲。
The Life Journey of Qin Guan, Truest of the Graceful School
Qin Guan (1049-1100), styled Shaoyou, the 'Master of Huaihai,' of Gaoyou, was the tenderest of Su Shi's Four Scholars and the orthodox heart of the graceful lyric: 'hills streaked with thin cloud, the sky glued to withered grass.' Banished step by step to the far south, he died at a river pavilion in Tengzhou, laughing, asking for water. 'If two hearts hold true till death, why must they be together morning and evening?'
Timeline of the Journey
- 1049 · 高邮 — Born at Gaoyou between canal and lake; the water-country softness already in the boy's ear.
- 1078 · 徐州 — To Xuzhou with poems for his gift: Su Shi read and took him as a disciple — the Four Scholars line begins. The 'Yellow Tower Rhapsody' as entrance ticket.
- 1085 · 开封 — Jinshi at last; the Four Scholars together in the capital's libraries — 'mountains streaked with thin cloud' already on every singer's lips: 'Master Shan-mo-wei-yun.'
- 1089 · 杭州 — Assistant prefect at Hangzhou out with Su Shi to Qiantang — teacher and pupil in one city, the lake poems of the happiest years.
- 1094 · 处州 — The Yuanyou purge: down to liquor-tax clerk at Chuzhou; 'a thousand autumns of tears' — the fall beginning, note by note.
- 1097 · 郴州 — Further still, restricted at Chenzhou: 'mist drowns the tower-moon, the moon ferries lost; the peach-blossom stream ideal shuts against the wanderer' — and the coldest line in Song lyric: 'the cuckoo sings on.'
- 1099 · 横州 — On to Hengzhou in the miasmic south, the last exile years — 'spring in the land of drunkenness,' the sweetness gone acid.
- 1100 · 藤州 — Amnestied north under Huizong; at Tengzhou's Guanghua pavilion, drunk, he asked for water, looked round at his friends, smiled, and died — fifty-two. Su Shi, released too, wept: 'the world has lost a Shaoyou; ten thousand ages will not see his like.'
'If two hearts hold true till death, why must they stand together morning and evening?' The tenderest consolation ever offered to parting — from the man who never stopped parting. Qin Guan died smiling; the words stayed crying.