陆游的一生行迹（1125-1210）
陆游（1125-1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋诗人。绍兴二十三年锁厅试第一，因触怒秦桧遭黜落，孝宗朝赐同进士出身。一生力主抗金恢复，屡遭主和派排挤。现存诗九千余首，为中国文学史上存诗最多的诗人，与杨万里、范成大、尤袤并称南宋四大家。
绍兴（1125） · 绍兴少年
宋徽宗宣和七年（1125年），陆游出生于越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）一个书香仕宦之家。其父陆宰为北宋末年转运副使，靖康之变后南渡，陆游幼年随家颠沛，亲历国破家亡之痛，"少时遭乱，日望恢复之期"，恢复中原之志从此扎根心底。
临安（1153） · 临安科举
宋高宗绍兴二十三年（1153年），陆游赴临安应锁厅试，名列第一。然秦桧之孙秦埙亦应试，秦桧怒陆游居其孙之上，次年礼部试竟将陆游黜落，罪名是"喜论恢复"。直至秦桧死后，陆游方得入仕，然终高宗一朝未获重用。
绍兴（1155） · 绍兴少年
宋高宗绍兴二十五年（1155年）春，陆游在绍兴沈园与前妻唐琬邂逅，唐琬已改嫁赵士程。陆游于园壁题《钗头凤》"红酥手，黄縢酒，满城春色宫墙柳"，写被迫离异的无尽哀痛，此词成为中国文学史上最凄婉的爱情词。三年后（绍兴二十八年，1158年），陆游方始入仕，任福州宁德县主簿。
夔州（1170） · 夔州入蜀
宋孝宗乾道六年（1170年），陆游调任夔州通判（今重庆奉节），沿长江溯流而上，途经三峡。他逐日记行程见闻，写成《入蜀记》六卷，是中国古代最详尽的旅行日记之一。在夔州一年，他勤于政务，写诗颇丰，为入蜀生涯的开端。
南郑（1172） · 南郑从军
宋孝宗乾道八年（1172年），陆游赴南郑（今陕西汉中）入四川宣抚使王炎幕府，任干办公事兼检法官。南郑地处宋金前线，他亲临大散关等要塞，参与军事谋划，"铁马秋风大散关"的从军经历成为他一生最壮烈的记忆，也是其爱国诗的精神源头。
成都（1173） · 夔州入蜀
宋孝宗乾道九年（1173年），王炎被召回朝，陆游改调成都府路安抚司参议官。在成都，他常游浣花溪、青城山、杜甫草堂，诗酒自遣，与范成大以文字交。然而闲散的生活与他心中"铁马冰河"的壮志形成尖锐矛盾，"心在天山，身老沧洲"的痛苦贯穿蜀中岁月。
临安（1190） · 临安科举
宋光宗绍熙元年（1190年），陆游起用为朝请大夫，后迁礼部郎中兼实录院检讨官。在临安，他再次力陈恢复之策，然而朝中主和派当道，其主张不被采纳，反遭谏官弹劾"嘲咏风月"，被劾免归山阴，从此退闲家居。
绍兴（1210） · 山阴归老
宋宁宗嘉定二年（1210年），八十五岁的陆游病卧山阴镜湖之畔的三山别业，临终前写下绝笔诗《示儿》——"死去元知万事空，但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。"此诗成为中国爱国诗歌的终极绝唱。
The Life Journey of Lu You, the Iron-Voiced Patriot of the Southern Song
Lu You (1125-1210), styled Wuguan, self-named Fangweng ('the Old Man Let Loose'), of Shanyin, was born in the year the north fell and spent eighty-five years wanting it back: barred from the examination lists by Qin Hui's wrath, then soldiering on the Jin front at Nanzheng — 'iron horses, autumn wind, Dasan Pass' — then twenty years of farming and nine thousand poems, ending with the line every Chinese schoolchild knows: 'When the king's armies recover the Central Plains, do not forget to tell your father at the family sacrifice.'
Timeline of the Journey
- 1125 · Shanyin — Born into an official family in the year the Jurchen took the north; carried through the family's flight as an infant, the resolve to recover the Central Plains set before he could write.
- 1153 · Lin'an — First place in the prefectural examination — above Qin Hui's own grandson. The chancellor's revenge: struck from the ministry list the next year for 'loving to discuss recovery.'
- 1155 · Shanyin — Meeting Tang Wan, his divorced first wife, in the Shen Garden; on its wall he wrote the 'Chai-tou feng' — 'Pink hands, yellow wine...' — the most desolate love lyric in the language.
- 1170 · Kuizhou — Down the Yangtze gorges to be assistant prefect of Kuizhou: the 'Record of Entering Shu,' six books of travel diary — ancient China's most detailed — and the Shu years begun.
- 1172 · Nanzheng — Into Wang Yan's staff on the Song-Jin front: pass-climbs at Dasan Pass, staff work on live operations — 'iron horses, autumn wind' — eight months that fed his patriotic poetry for the rest of the century.
- 1173 · Chengdu — The front dissolved, the staff dispersed: advisory post in Chengdu, the Flower-Washing Brook, Du Fu's thatched hall, wine with Fan Chengda — against the ache of 'my heart at the Tianshan mountains, my body aging among the coves.'
- 1190 · Lin'an — Last round at the capital: recovery proposals again refused, impeached for 'mocking wind and moon,' dismissed home to Shanyin for the long retirement.
- 1210 · Shanyin — Dying at eighty-five by Mirror Lake: the 'Testament to My Sons' — 'Dead, I know all things turn empty; only I grieve I did not see the Nine Provinces whole.' Chinese patriotic verse's last word.
'When the royal armies recover the Central Plains in the north — do not forget, at the family sacrifice, to tell your father.' Lu You wrote perhaps nine thousand poems and kept one promise through them all: he never stopped wanting.
