范仲淹的一生行迹(989-1052)
范仲淹(989-1052),字希文,苏州吴县(今江苏苏州)人,北宋政治家、文学家。大中祥符八年进士,官至参知政事,主持庆历新政,推行"明黜陟、抑侥幸、精贡举"等十事。其《岳阳楼记》"先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐"传诵千古。
苏州(989) · 苏州苦读
宋太宗端拱二年(989年),范仲淹出生于苏州吴县(今江苏苏州)。两岁丧父,母谢氏改嫁淄州长山朱文翰,仲淹随继父姓朱名说。少年时在长白山醴泉寺苦读,"断齑画粥"的苦学故事流传千古,后知身世,泣别母亲,赴应天府书院发愤读书。
应天府(1015) · 开封入仕
宋真宗大中祥符八年(1015年),范仲淹在应天府(今河南商丘)登进士第,授广德军司理参军。在应天府书院苦读数年后终于金榜题名,他从寒微书生步入仕途,初任即以断狱明允、治水修堤闻名,遂迎母归养,复范姓。
泰州(1024) · 开封入仕
宋仁宗天圣二年(1024年),范仲淹监泰州西溪盐仓。见海潮冲毁农田、百姓流离,他力排众议,倡议重修捍海堰。亲自督工,历时数年筑成长堤,挡住海潮,保民田数万顷,百姓感恩戴德,将此堤命名为"范公堤",至今犹存。
延州(1040) · 延州御夏
宋仁宗康定元年(1040年),西夏元昊大举犯边,范仲淹与韩琦同被任为陕西经略安抚副使,出镇延州(今陕西延安)。他到任后改革军制,修筑城寨,大兴营田,采取"近攻远守"之策,稳住延州防线,边人谣曰"军中有一范,西贼闻之惊破胆"。
开封(1043) · 庆历新政
宋仁宗庆历三年(1043年),范仲淹拜参知政事,与富弼、欧阳修等推行庆历新政。他上《答手诏条陈十事》,提出明黜陟、抑侥幸、精贡举、择官长、均公田、厚农桑、修武备、减徭役、覃恩信、重命令十项改革,意图澄清吏治、富国强兵。
邓州(1045) · 邓州岳阳
宋仁宗庆历五年(1045年),新政失败后范仲淹罢参政,出知邠州,旋移邓州(今河南邓州)。在邓州花洲书院,他应好友滕子京之请,写下千古名篇《岳阳楼记》,"先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐"成为中华文明的精神标杆。
杭州(1050) · 邓州岳阳
宋仁宗皇祐二年(1050年),范仲淹移知杭州。时江浙大饥,他开仓赈济,又大兴土木以工代赈,鼓励赛舟宴游以活跃市面,灾年不衰反盛,此"荒政三策"被后人誉为救灾典范,杭州百姓立祠祀之。
颍州(1052) · 邓州岳阳
宋仁宗皇祐四年(1052年),范仲淹自青州移颍州,途中病疾加剧,至徐州而卒,享年六十三岁。朝廷赠兵部尚书,谥"文正",后世以"范文正公"称之。他一生清贫,死时殓无新衣,友人集资方成丧。
The Life Journey of Fan Zhongyan, Who Worried Before the World
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), of Suzhou, fatherless at two and reared as 'Zhu Shuo,' fed himself through years of porridge split into quarters to win the jinshi of 1015. Frontier commander against Xi Xia, author of the Qingli Reforms, he fixed in the 'Record of Yueyang Tower' the creed of a scholar's life: to grieve before the world grieves, to rejoice after it rejoices.
Timeline of the Journey
- 989 · 苏州 — Born in Suzhou; adopted into the Zhu family at two. In the Liquan temple he studied on soup so thin it froze — 'split-porridge' piety that became proverb.
- 1015 · 应天府 — Jinshi at the Yingfu Academy at twenty-six — from bare subsistence to office, and the first of a lifetime of straight verdicts and river-works.
- 1024 · 泰州 — Keeper of the Xixi salt yards at Taizhou: he forced through the sea-dike over opposition, saving whole counties; the embankment kept his name.
- 1040 · 延州 — With Xi Xia at war he rebuilt the Yanzhou front — garrisons, tilling soldiers, 'attack near, hold far' — and wrote 'Wine a cup, home ten thousand li.'
- 1043 · 开封 — Executive of the Grand Council: the Qingli Reforms, ten measures from salaries to examinations — struck at privilege, and privilege struck back.
- 1045 · 邓州 — Fall of the reforms; at Dengzhou's flower-island academy he answered Teng Zijing with the 'Record of Yueyang Tower' — the last sentence a thousand years of statesmen lived by.
- 1050 · 杭州 — Governor in famine: he opened granaries, hired the hungry for public works, promoted festivals to keep markets alive — the classic 'three policies of famine government.'
- 1052 · 颍州 — Died on the road to Yingzhou at sixty-three, so poor that friends paid for his burial; canonized 'Wenzheng,' the highest posthumous name.
'Grieve before all under heaven have grieved; rejoice after all under heaven rejoice.' One sentence turned an official's life into a standard — and Fan Zhongyan's own life met it.