王应麟的一生行迹（1223-1296）
王应麟，字伯厚，号深宁居士，庆元府鄞县（今浙江宁波）人，南宋著名学者。博学多识，著述宏富，以《三字经》《困学纪闻》传世。《三字经》为中国古代最有影响的蒙学读物，至今广为流传。宋亡后不仕元朝，以遗民终老。
宁波（1223） · 宁波少时
宋宁宗嘉定十六年，王应麟出生于庆元府鄞县（今浙江宁波），其父王撝师从吕祖谦门人，治学严谨。王应麟幼承家学，九岁通《六经》，过目成诵，时人以"神童"称之。
宁波（1232） · 宁波少时
宋理宗绍定五年前后，少年王应麟在鄞县遍读家中藏书，对经史、天文、地理、制度之学均有涉猎。宁波浓厚的学术氛围为他日后的博学奠定了根基。
临安（1241） · 科举入仕
宋理宗淳祐元年（1241年），十九岁的王应麟登进士第。登第之初，他即言"今之事举子业者，沽名誉，得则一切委弃，制度典故漫不省，非国家所望于通儒"，于是闭门发愤，誓以博学宏词科自见，借馆阁书读之。此后历任西安主簿、监平江府百万东仓、浙西提举常平茶盐主管帐司等职，所至以才干著称。
临安（1250） · 著述立说
宋理宗淳祐十年前后，王应麟为应博学宏词科，遍借馆阁之书，发愤编纂《玉海》二百卷。宝祐四年（1256年），他终中是科；同年理宗御集英殿策士，应麟任覆考官，读文天祥对策顿首称"是卷古谊若龟镜，忠肝如铁石，臣敢为得士贺"，天祥遂擢状元。
临安（1265） · 著述立说
宋度宗咸淳元年前后，王应麟兼礼部郎官、兼直学士院，起草表诏，操笔立就，丞相惊服。其后历官著作郎、秘书少监兼侍讲、起居舍人兼权中书舍人。他指陈成败逆顺，直言"国家所恃者大江，襄、樊其喉舌，议不容缓"，朝臣无敢言边事者；贾似道闻而恶之，斥逐之意遂决。
临安（1276） · 宋亡守节
宋恭帝德祐二年，元军攻占临安，南宋灭亡。此前王应麟已官礼部尚书兼给事中，因封驳左丞相留梦炎引用非人，再三上疏不报，愤而辞官东归；有诏迁翰林学士，亦力辞不受。宋亡后，他深自晦匿，不与世人相接，以南宋遗民自居，此后二十余年不仕元朝。
宁波（1285） · 遗民著书
元世祖至元二十二年，王应麟在宁波家中潜心著述，完成了《困学纪闻》等重要著作；相传《三字经》亦为此时为教育族中子弟而作的三字歌诀，简洁明了，朗朗上口，后成最重要的蒙学读物。他在遗民生活中将亡国之痛融入学术研究，对中国传统学术进行了全面总结。他的著作涉及经学、史学、地理、目录学等诸多领域。
宁波（1296） · 遗民著书
元成宗元贞二年，王应麟病逝于宁波，享年七十四岁，临终前自撰《浚仪遗民自志》以寄故国之思。他一生著述宏富，涉及经史、地理、目录等众多领域，是南宋最博学的学者之一。其《三字经》流传千古，至今仍是儿童启蒙的重要读物，《困学纪闻》则是中国学术史上的经典之作。
The Life Journey of Wang Yinglin, Compiler of the Three-Character Classic
Wang Yinglin (1223-1296), of Yin county (Ningbo), was the most learned man of the Southern Song — the prodigy who had mastered the Six Classics at nine. Court examiner who crowned Wen Tianxiang, he watched the dynasty fall and refused the Yuan for twenty years. His Three-Character Classic — 'At birth, human nature is good' — became the first book of every Chinese child for six centuries; his Kunxue Jiwen ('Notes from Hard Study') and the great Yu Hai encyclopedia fixed the standard of Chinese scholarship. Poet's line, scholar's monument: both from one desk.
Timeline of the Journey
- 1223 · Ningbo — Born at Yin in Qingyuan to a scholar father: the boy who read the whole family library and at nine had mastered the Six Classics.
- 1232 · Ningbo — The education of the prodigy: classics, astronomy, geography, institutions — the whole family library read young, nothing left unread.
- 1241 · Lin'an — Jinshi at nineteen — then the vow of the 'complete scholar,' Pavilion books borrowed wholesale, the erudite-words degree — unwon for forty-eight years — taken at last in 1256.
- 1250 · Lin'an — The great compilation for the erudite-words degree: the Yu Hai begun, two hundred books of ordered knowledge — and 1256, when his reading of Wen Tianxiang's paper — 'ancient principle like a mirror, a loyal heart like iron and stone' — crowned the Song's last great champion.
- 1265 · Lin'an — Drafting for the academy, pen faster than the messengers — then the warnings: 'the state's shield is the Yangtze, Xiangyang and Fancheng its throat; delay is fatal' — unheard while Jia Sidao watched for a chance to strike him down.
- 1276 · Lin'an — The Yuan at the gates, the court surrendered, the ministers signing: the minister of rites — already resigned rather than endorse bad appointments, the Hanlin offer refused — home at Ningbo, never to serve again: twenty years of loyalist silence begun.
- 1285 · Ningbo — The great works of the exile years: the Kunxue Jiwen — the notebook of a lifetime, the model of Chinese philology — and, by tradition, the Three-Character Classic itself: three-beat lines for the clan's children, the primer that would teach China to read.
- 1296 · Ningbo — Dead at seventy-four, his self-written epitaph signed 'a leftover subject of Junyi': the primer in every schoolroom, the encyclopedia on every scholar's shelf, and a loyalty the Mongols never bought.
'At birth, human nature is good; natures grow near, habits grow far.' Six characters every Chinese-speaking child has chanted since the thirteenth century — written by a man watching his dynasty die, so that the next ones would have somewhere to begin.
与其仰望诗人的背影，不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人，沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行：每过一站，触发一篇该地系年诗作；入夜之后，更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁，皆非示意图，而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订，每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作，寓学于游。
