王质的一生行迹（1135-1189）
王质，字景文，号雪山，兴国军（今湖北阳新）人，南宋经学家、诗人。绍兴三十年（1160）进士，历太学正、敕令所删定官、枢密院编修官，因直言极论遭忌罢职，后绝意仕途，奉祠山居。所著《雪山集》《诗总闻》传世，治《诗》自成一大家。
兴国（1135） · 兴国少时
宋高宗绍兴五年，王质出生于兴国军阳辛里（今湖北阳新龙港镇阳辛村），其家为儒学之家。王质自幼聪颖，博通经史，读书过目不忘，少年时即以文才知名。他在富水之畔的山水间长大，性格刚直不阿，一生以气节自负。
临安（1157） · 太学及第
宋高宗绍兴二十七年，二十三岁的王质进入太学。他博通经史，文思敏捷，与九江王阮齐名，深受中书舍人张孝祥父子器重。绍兴三十年（1160），王质考中一甲进士，高宗召试馆职，未赴。
建康（1162） · 幕府驰驱
绍兴三十一年（1161），金主完颜亮大举南侵，御史中丞汪澈出任荆襄宣谕使，聘王质为幕僚。次年，枢密使张浚出任江淮都督，再聘王质，他随军进驻建康（今南京）。江淮幕府中，王质参赞军务，其才为诸帅所称，不久被荐为太学正。
临安（1163） · 直言罹谤
宋孝宗即位后，朝局在战、和、守之间摇摆，屡易宰相，末乃起用主和的汤思退。年仅二十八岁的太学正王质不顾个人安危，毅然上疏，极言战、和、守三者之关联，主张外御其侮之际，君主当机立断，不可动摇。孝宗知其忠诚而不表态，忌惮王质的中贵人乘机诽谤，指其年少好异论，王质被免去太学正之职。
川陕（1163） · 幕府驰驱
罢职不久，主战派虞允文出任川陕宣谕使，征聘王质为幕友。一日，虞允文命王质起草讨敌檄文，王质挥毫立就，辞气激壮，虞允文离席执其手叹曰："景文，天才也！"遂保荐其为敕令所删定官，寻改枢密院编修官，掌诏令审订与军事文献编修。
临安（1165） · 谏诤受沮
宋孝宗乾道元年，虞允文执掌枢密院。孝宗命其选拔谏官，虞允文盛赞王质耿直不阿、文采出众，荐其为右正言。朝中权贵对耿直的王质又恨又怕，暗中诋毁阻止，其事遂罢。王质仅被任命为荆南府通判，不久改吉州通判，均辞不赴，从此绝意仕途。
兴国（1170） · 奉祠山居
宋孝宗乾道年间，王质奉祠山居，退隐家乡阳辛，杜门著书。他苦心孤诣撰成《诗》学专著《诗总闻》二十卷，废《诗序》而以己意解诗，独创十闻之体，与郑樵、朱熹的《诗》学并称。他虽远离朝堂，仍常在诗文中表达对时局的忧虑。
兴国（1189） · 奉祠山居
宋孝宗淳熙十六年，王质病逝于家中，享年五十五岁，葬于阳辛牛头山。挚友陆游曾作《送王景文》五律相赠。他一生迭遭打击而壮志未酬，《宋史》本传叹其"负其有为之才"。所著《雪山集》十六卷、《诗总闻》二十卷、《夷坚别志》等传世，乾隆间《雪山集》编入《四库全书》。
The Life Journey of Wang Zhi, the Snow-Mountain Recluse
Wang Zhi (1135-1189), of the Xingguo Army — today's Yangxin, Hubei — was the unbending one: a first-class jinshi of 1160, staff officer to two war-commissions, a Military-Academy officer purged for a memorial too bold, and at last a scholar-recluse whose long quiet years produced the Shi Zong Wen, a one-man re-reading of the Book of Songs. His friend Lu You sent him off in verse: 'He knew the ten-thousand-word strategy, and did not shame the men of the Nine Springs.'
Timeline of the Journey
- 1135 · 兴国 — Born in Yangxin, in the hills of the Xingguo Army: the boy who read once and remembered, the straight spine from the start.
- 1157 · 临安 — Into the Imperial Academy at twenty-three, ranked with Wang Ruan, prized by Zhang Xiaoxiang — a first-class jinshi by 1160, and a court summons he never took up.
- 1162 · 建康 — Staff officer in two war-commissions: Wang Che's Xiangyang mission, then Marshal Zhang Jun at Jiankang — the rivers patrolled, a reputation made in the field.
- 1163 · 临安 — At twenty-eight the great memorial on war, peace and defence, against the appeasing chancellor Tang Situi — 'a young man's love of strange talk,' said his enemies, and the Academy post was gone.
- 1163 · 川陕 — Yu Yunwen claimed him for the Sichuan-Shaanxi commission: a manifesto at a stroke, the hand gripped — 'Jingwen, a genius!' — then Legislative Editor, then Military Archives compiler.
- 1165 · 临安 — Nominated remonstrance-official by Yu Yunwen himself, blocked by the powerful; two prefectures offered, neither taken — officialdom renounced for good.
- 1170 · 兴国 — Home to Yangxin on a temple stipend: the long scholarship of the Shi Zong Wen, the Book of Songs freed from the old prefaces.
- 1189 · 兴国 — Dead at fifty-five in the house he retired to; the Snow Mountain Collection entering the Imperial Library centuries on — Lu You's farewell verse the truest epitaph.
'The spirit to push open the palace gates; poems to make the ghosts weep' — so a contemporary praised him. Wang Zhi wrote clean and hard because that is what he was: the plain-dealing man the histories still regret, and the poems are simply the receipt.
与其仰望诗人的背影，不如亲自“走”一遍他们的路——宋词.中国「行迹漫游」让你化身马上行人，沿李白、杜甫、苏轼等57位诗人的真实迁徙路线策马而行：每过一站，触发一篇该地系年诗作；入夜之后，更有灯笼满城的诗意夜景。长安的城垣、夔门的江涛、黄州的赤壁，皆非示意图，而是诗人真实踏过的山河。行迹数据依诗人年谱与正史传记交叉考订，每站标注年号纪年与系年诗作，寓学于游。
